Collateral administrator

Amongst other things, the Collateral Administrator is responsible for calculating certain amounts that are payable to the Noteholders, preparing the periodic reports (in this case, monthly reports) and carrying out any other duties in respect of the portfolio as instructed by the Collat-... 

It was of interest that, in spite of the recovery of serotonin uptake sites to control levels, the content of serotonin in the same brain region remained markedly (40 to 50 percent) below age-matched controls for as long as 1 year after MDMA administration. It is unclear from these data whether there is a regeneration of axons that have previously undergone degeneration or whether the increased density of uptake sites is a consequence of increased collateral sprouting of neurons unaffected by the drug treatment. 

Another collateral effect of the DESI project was the development of the abbreviated NDA, by which a generic version of the innovator product could satisfy the statutory preconditions for entering the market, without repeating the preclinical and clinical studies of the innovator. This administrative creation, designed to assure that generics were both pharmaceutically equivalent and bioequivalent to the pioneer product, was endorsed by Congress in 1984. As will be seen, this development had a staggering impact on the business model of the pharma industry. 

The safety of G-CSF stimulation in patients with CAD has been questioned in two recent studies. Hill et al. [138] report the results of administration of 10 mcg/kg/day of G-CSF for 5 days in patients with chronic CAD n = 16). There was no clinical benefit as assessed by exercise stress testing and dobuta-mine cardiac MRI. Additionally two patients in the G-CSF group developed serious adverse events related to the therapy (one non-ST elevation MI one MI causing death). Zbinden et al. [139] also tested the efficacy of the same G-CSF dose in patients with chronic CAD ( = 7). The invasive endpoint collateral flow index was significantly better in the G-CSF treated patients when compared to the placebo group. However, two patients in the G-CSF treated group developed acute coronary syndrome during treatment. 

Takeshita, S., Pu, L.Q., Stein, L.A., Sniderman, A.D., Bunting, S., Ferrara, N. et al. (1994) Intramuscular administration of vascular endothelial growth factor induces dose-dependent collateral artery augmentation in a rabbit model of chronic limb ischemia. Circulation, 90, II228-II234. 

The most important safety concerns are the potential for perforation which could result in tamponade or compromise of collaterals which can result in infarction. In current PCI practice with its reliance on drug eluting stent (DES), dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (ASA) and a thienopyridine (usually clopidogrel) is standard. These should be used in all patients. Pre-procedure administration of the thienopyridine should be given, if possible. 

Lazarous, D.F., Scheinowitz, M., Shou, M., Hodge, E., Rajanayagam, S., Hunsberger, S., Robison, W.G., Jr., Stiber, J.A., Correa, R., and Epstein, S.E. 1995. Effects of chronic systemic administration of basic fibroblast growth factor on collateral development in the canine heart. Circulation 91 145-153. 

In patients with ischemic syndromes, intra-arterial administration of rhVEGF significantly increases the development of collateral vessels (Isner and Asahara 1999), indicating its applicability in therapeutic angiogenesis. In patients who are not suitable for PTCA or CABG, administration of VEGF can be a novel treatment option. 

Researchers suggest that co-administration or sequential gene therapy with VEGF, Bcl-2, and survivin can enhance myocardial collateral blood vessel function. 

Following the administration of 100-200 MBq Tc-sulphur colloid intravenously, liver cirrhosis is characterized by a reduction in the uptake of radioactivity in the liver and an increased uptake by the spleen and bone marrow. Colloidal uptake in the liver is thus a valuable parameter for assessing any functional loss of the hepatic RES and for evaluating the residual parenchyma which is still functioning. It should be noted that the phagocytic capacity of the hepatic RES is closely related to the sinusoidal blood flow, the reduction of which is a result of the development of collaterals in the area of the hepatic... 

S.E. Epstein, S. Fuchs, Y.F. Zhou, R. Baffour, and R. Kornowski, Therapeutic interventions for enhancing collateral development by administration of growth factors basic principles, early results and potential hazards, Cardiovasc Res 49, 532-542 (2001). 

A model to assess interventions to improve collateral blood flow continuous administration of agents into the left coronary artery in dogs. Cardiovasc Res 1993 27 785-791. 

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