Coleoptera phenols

Quinones are distributed widely from opilionids and millipedes to grasshoppers, cockroaches and caddis flies, but are most frequently found in beetles (Coleoptera). Phenols have been shown to be oxidized to qui-nones in both millipedes and beetles. It was shown some time ago in the beetle Eloides longicollis, that quinones can arise by two independent pathways. Labelled tyrosine, acetic, propionic and malonic acids were all used. Benzoquinone itself was preferentially made from labelled tyrosine. Simple alkylquinones were produced by the acetate pathway (Meinwald, Happ, Labows and Eisner, Science, 1966, 151, 79). Propionic acid was... 

In contrast to the rutelines, the melolonthine scarabs generally use terpenoid-and amino acid-derived pheromones (reviewed in Leal, 1999). For example, the female large black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, produces methyl (2.S, 3. Sj - 2 - am ino-3-methy lpcn tanoatc (L-isoleucine methyl ester) as an amino acid-derived sex pheromone (Leal et al., 1992 Leal, 1997). There is no direct evidence that the chafer beetles or any other Coleoptera use the shikimic acid pathway for de novo pheromone biosynthesis, but some scarabs and scolytids (see section 6.6.4.2) may convert amino acids such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan to aromatic pheromone components (Leal, 1997,1999). In another melolonthine species, the female grass grab beetle, Costelytra zealandica (White), the phenol sex pheromone is produced by symbiotic bacteria (Henzell and Lowe, 1970 Hoyt et al. 1971). 

Synonym Bayer 37344, Draza, Ensurol, Mercaptodimethur, Mesurol, Mesurol Phenol, metmercapturon Chemical Name 4-methylthio-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate 3,5-di methyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate Uses Insecticide/Acaricide/Molluscicide/Repellent to control slugs and snails in a wide range of agricultural situations broad range control of lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, and homoptera and spider mites in pome fruit, stone fruit, citrus fruit, strawberries, hops, potatoes, beet, maize, oilseed rape, vegetables and ornamentals also used as a bird repellent. 

BRIGNOLAS, F., LIEUTIER, F., SAUVARD, D., CHRISTIANSEN, E., BERRYMAN, A.A., Phenolic predictors for Norway spruce resistance to the bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) and an associated fungus, Ceratocystispolonica.. Can. J. For. Res., 1998,28, 720-728. 

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