Climate extremes

Forests in particular must endure the combined stresses imposed by climatic extremes/changes, invasion of insects and diseases, and forest management practices in addition to the added stress of acidic pollutants. All of these stresses modify forest health and productivity. Under this complex situation, it has not been possible to establish the exact role that acidification has had on forest decline nor to develop critical deposition levels at which damages are believed to become important 14), However, the geographical coincidence of forest decline and elevated levels of acidic pollutants offer strong evidence that a linkages exists. 

Sanchez E, Gallardo C, Gaertner MA, Arribas A, Castro M (2004) Future climate extreme events in the Mediterranean simulated by a regional climate model a first approach. Glob Planet Change 44 163-180... 

Global Warming and the accompanying increase in climatic extremes in a relatively short period of time and causing a disproportionate increase in disaster losses. 

MIL-STD-210, Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment , Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402... 

Have climate variability and climate extremes changed ... 

Climate extremes will intensify (heat waves, heavy showers, etc.) the intensity of tropical cyclones (typhoons) will increase due to further SST rise at low latitudes meridional circulation in the North Atlantic will decrease, on average, by 25% extra-tropical cyclones will shift toward the poles. 

Many of the factors that can affect organisms adversely are inherent stressors, including availability of nutrition, water quality, temperature and other climatic extremes, disease, and predation. It is important to be able to separate effects of inherent stressors from those of toxic chemicals. There are often important synergistic relationships between inherent stressors and the effects of toxic chemicals. Organisms that are under stress from inherent stressors are likely to be more susceptible to the effects of xenobiotic toxicants. 

The phase box developed by the Conservation Department in the Library of Congress is more easily learned and made but has the disadvantage for many libraries that it is less effective than the drop-back box in excluding polluted atmospheres and climatic extremes. 

Nearly all of today s crops started as wild species. Genes from wild species often are used to create new hybrids that have resistance to plant diseases and insects, better climatic tolerance, and higher yields. Having different varieties available is necessary insurance against devastating crop failures caused by climate extremes or major pest outbreaks. 

Brady E.C., DeConto R.M., Thompson S.L. (1998) Deep water formation and poleward ocean heat transport in the warm climate extreme of the Cretaceous (80 Ma). Geophys. Res. Letts 25, 4205—8. 

These values may be economically feasible for the climates found in Great Britain, Holland, Belgium, France, Germany, and Scandinavia. However, they are unrealistic for temperate climates that experience seasonal climatic extremes (17). Providing the proper humidity values year-round, while fighting low outside winter temperatures, would be an infeasible standard for most buildings. Condensation would form on or within the exterior walls, thus negating the effects of a proper vapor barrier (iS). 

Both service and climate extreme actions may be treated as use-proven proof loads of existing structures (Hall 1998). According to this suggestion (Figure 2a), the revised density function of a resistance of particular members may be presented as ... 

Endrusick, T. L. (2001), Improvement of the U.S. Army intermediate cold wet boot. Paper presented at the RTO HFM Symposium on Blowing Hot and Cold Protecting Against Climatic Extremes, held in Dresden, Germany, 8-10 October 2001, and published in RTO-MP-076, pp. 33-1-33-10. 

In The Old Ways, Robert Macfarlane writes, Mountain landscapes appear chaotic in their jumbledness, but they are in fact ultra-logical landscapes, organized by the climatic extremes and severe expressions of gravity so hyper-ordered as to seem chance-made (p. 192). The landscapes are both random and ordered, constrained by laws of physics and geology. 

For most end uses, agrotextiles require suitable tensile strength and good permeability characteristics with no significant deterioration under the influence of climatic extremes. The properties are dependent on the fibres from which they are produced and on the type and conditions of their manufacture. The major functional properties are as given below ... 

Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http //www.new-bnmswick.net/Saint John/sJfirst.html Retrieved November 22, 2008, from http //www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2001/june/... 

U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP 2008), Weather and climate extremes in a changing climate, regions of focus North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands, Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3. , June 2008. 

Schmidt, R.H., Jr. (1989) The arid zones of Mexico Climatic extremes and conceptualization of the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Arid Environments, 16 241-256. 

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