Suppository base cocoa butter

Mineral oil is used primarily as an excipient in topical pharmaceutical formulations, where its emollient properties are exploited as an ingredient in ointment bases see Table I. It is additionally used in oil-in-water emulsions,as a solvent, and as a lubricant in capsule and tablet formulations, and to a limited extent as a mold-release agent for cocoa butter suppositories. It has also been used in the preparation of microspheres. " ... 

The displacement value is defined as the number of parts of suppository ingredients that displace one gram of cocoa butter base. These values are summerized in Table 9.1. The following examples will illustrate the displacement value calculations ... 

Show how you would prepare 10 dimenhydrinate suppositories containing 400 mg of the drug in each suppository. Assume that you are required to use cocoa butter base. 

Theobroma Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae) kernel 35-50 oleic (35), stearic (35), palmitic (26), linoleic (3) suppository base, chocolate manufacture Theobroma oil (cocoa butter) is a solid... 

Cocoa seeds contain 35-50% of oil (cocoa butter or theobroma oil), 1-4% theobromine and 0.2-0.5% caffeine, plus tannins and volatile oils. During fermentation and roasting, most of the theobromine from the kernel passes into the husk, which thus provides a convenient source of the alkaloid. Theobroma oil or cocoa butter is obtained by hot expression from the ground seeds as a whitish solid with a mild chocolate taste. It is a valuable formulation aid in pharmacy where it is used as a suppository base. It contains glycerides of oleic (35%), stearic (35%), palmitic (26%), and linoleic (3%) acids (see page 44). 

Cocoa butter-based suppositories can be prepared manually by pharmacists by mixing the ingredients to a pliable consistency in a mortar. 

Suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion in body cavities like rectum, vagina, and occasionally in the urethra for local or systemic effects. The length, shape, and weight of these depend on the body cavity it is used for. These melt, soften, or dissolve after application depending on the type of suppository base applied. Cocoa butter base suppositories usually melt in contact with the body temperature. Other bases, such as polyethylene glycol, glycerin. 

The base used in the formulation of suppositories can often affect the rate of decomposition of the active ingredients. Aspirin decomposes in several polyoxyethylene glycols which are often incorporated into suppository bases. Degradation was shown to be due in part to transesterification, giving the decomposition products salicylic acid and acetylated polyethylene glycol. The rate of decomposition, which followed pseudo first-order kinetics, was considerably greater than when a fatty base such as cocoa butter was used. Analysis of commercial batches of 100 mg indometacin-polyethylene glycol... 

The once traditional suppository base, cocoa butter (theobroma oil) is a variable natural product which undergoes a polymorphic transition on heating. It is primarily a triglyceride. Four polymorphic forms exist y, m.p. 18.9°C a, m.p. 23°C / , m.p. 28°C and the stable /i form, m.p. 34.5°C. Heating above 38°C converts the fat to a metastable mixture solidifying at 15-17°C instead of 25°C, and this subsequently melts at 24°C instead of at dl-dS C. Reconversion to the stable yS-form takes 1-4 days depending on storage conditions. 

Chem. Descrip. Hydrogenated vegetable oil CAS 68938-37-4 EINECS/ELINCS 269-820-6 Uses Cocoa butter replacement for foods (confectionery coatings, dairy toppings, baked goods) emollient in personal care prods, (lipsticks, pomades, solid fragrances, antiperspirant sticks, creams/lotions), pharmaceuticals (base for suppositories, ointments, creams)... 

Mishra MU et al. prepared rectal suppositories of mesalamine by using Sal fat and evaluated several important in vitro characteristics by comparing with the suppositories composed of cocoa butter as standard base. Their findings indicated that Sal fat can be a novel and cost effective suppository base for pharmaceutical formulations. 

Cocoa butter (Cacao oleum) is a solid fat, pressed from the roasted seeds of Theobroma cacao. Since the middle of the eighteenth century it is used as a suppository base. Cocoa butter melts at body temperature. At room temperature it is a solid mass. But cocoa butter has a number of undesirable properties it soon becomes rancid on storage and it exhibits marked polymorphism. It has four polymorphic forms alfa, beta, beta-accent and gamma. The melting points are 22 °C,... 

Therefore it has replaced the cocoa butter as a suppository base in Dutch pharmacies, although the disadvantage of particle settling during pouring has to be overcome instead. Hard fat is the main suppository base in many countries. Cocoa butter has until now a place in suppository preparation in some other countries. 

Uses Emollient, ointment base, cocoa butter replacement in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals emulsifier for food processing binder, lubricant in pharmaceutical tableting, suppositories, pressed powders wax in food-pkg. adhesives defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard specialty base, emollient, moisturizer, lubricant, vise, modifier in cosmetics bodying agent, emollient, lubricant, moisturizer, vise, modifer in pharmaceuticals... 

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