Coastal waters, heavy metals

Preston, A., D.F. Jeffries, J.W.R. Dutton, B.R. Harvey, and A.K. Steele. 1972. British isles coastal waters the concentrations of selected heavy metals in sea water, suspended matter and biological indicators — a pilot survey. Environ. Pollut. 3 69-82. 

Giordano, R., P. Arata, L. Ciaralli, S. Rinaldi, M. Giani, A.M. Cicero, and S. Constantini. 1991. Heavy metals in mussels and fish from Italian coastal waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 22 10-14. 

Roth, I. and H. Homung. 1977. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, and fish from Mediterranean coastal area, Israel. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11 265-269. 

Contaminants bound to colloids also may lead to an increase in the apparent solubility of the compounds. Most colloidal phases are effective sorbents of low-solubility contaminants, due to their large surface area. For example. Fig. 8.21 depicts the solubilization of p-nitrophenol into hydrophobic microdomains, which defines the trace metal level in the groundwater of a coastal watershed (Sanudo-Wilhelmy et al. 2002). The authors emphasize that the (heavy) metals contained in the colloidal size fraction in some instances may reach more than 50% of what is considered dissolved metal this should be considered to properly understand the cycling of metals and carbon in the subsurface water. 

Hart, B.T. and Davies, S.H. (1977) A new dialysis - ion exchange technique for determining the forms of trace metals in water. Aust.J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 28, 105-112. Kersten, M. and Foerstner, U. (1986) Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in anoxic estuarine and coastal sediments. Water Sci. Technol., 18, 121-130. 

Kersten, M. and Forstner, U. (1986) Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in anoxic estuarine and coastal sediments. Water Sci. Tech., 18, 121. 

Water Quality Assessment Northern California Coast The students in this project were native Hawaiians and were interested in surfing. They were motivated to better understand and to explore in detail coast water quality. They designed and conducted a study to investigate biological and heavy metal contamination in coastal waters. 

In this chapter, we will discuss the basic controls on the transport of some of these contaminants mentioned above in the water column and sediments of estuaries. While there are five general classes of contaminants (petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, heavy metals, radionuclides, and litter) considered to be critical in coastal environments (Waldichuk, 1989), the primary focus will be on the biogeochemical dynamics of a select group of contaminants as they relate to other stressors, such as nutrients, in this chapter. For a more comprehensive assessment of the actual statistics on toxicity and surveys of the distribution and loading rates of all the aforementioned contaminants in estuaries, please refer to Kennish (1997). 

A coastal beach in California is polluted with heavy metals. Since it is a protected wildlife habitat, a minimally intrusive electrochemical method is selected for cleanup. Assume that a constant current density of 125 pA cm-2 in a 40 x 6-foot cross section is used in the contaminant pit, which is 40 x 20 x 6 feet deep, (a) What is the total current and voltage required if the pore fluid conductivity is 21.9 mS cm-1 (approx, equivalent to 0.2 M KC1) (b) If the soil is saturated and approx. 50% pore fluid and 50% solids by volume, how long would it take to pass a charge equivalent to the ionic content of the pore fluid (c) How much acid should be added to depolarize the cathode in this time in order to ensure reaction (A) below, instead of water electrolysis, reaction (B) ... 

Bottom sediments in the coastal zone of the sea may be polluted with copper, zinc, nickel and cadmium. The highest levels of toxic heavy metals are found in the mouths of rivers. The bottom sediments in the Black Sea have a high mercury level—from 0.28 to 0.40 pg/1. In the coastal waters of the Krasnodar Territory the mercury level is 0.15-1.55 pg/1, while its maximum concentrations are registered in the Danube and Dnieper mouth areas. The Danube alone brings annually up to 50-60 tons of mercury, while the Dnieper brings up to 5 tons. The distribution of heavy metals in bottom sediments in the Russian shelf of the Black Sea is not uniform. Their greatest quantities are accumulated in sediments in the deepest part of the shelf where their concentration is 3-5 times higher than in sediments in the shallower part. Toxic metals contained in sea water in the dissolved and suspended forms are ac-... 

F. Baffi, A. Cardinale. F. Soggia, R. Frache, Heavy metals distribution in suspended matter in coastal and offshore waters in Ross Sea - Antarctica, Ann. Chim. (Rome), 81 (1991), 523-531. 

Phillips, D.J.H. (1990) Use of macroalgae and invertebrates as monitors of metal levels in estuaries and coastal waters. In Heavy Metals in the Marine Environment, Furness, R.W. and Rainbow, P.S. (eds), pp. 81-99. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Describe the modem state of coastal water pollution hy heavy metals in South Asia. Show the typical concentrations of different heavy metals. 

Censi, R, Spoto, S.E., Saiano, F. et al. (2006) Heavy metals in coastal water systems. A case study from the northwestern Gulf of Thailand Chemosphere, 64 (7), 1167-1176. 

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