Coal liquid fuel particulate emissions

The Consolidated Edison test results, as shown in Table VI, indicated complete suitability of SRC-II coal liquids as a high quality boiler fuel. No operational problems were encountered and no deposits were observed. Combustion efficiency was comparable to that for the low-sulfur No. 6 fuel oil, as were the levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Modifications to burner equipment required to handle the SRC-II fuel oil are considered to be no more extensive than those required for similar variations in petroleum fuels. Particulate emissions for the SRC-II fuel oil were generally lower than for the No. 6 fuel oil, and were in all cases below the new source performance standards proposed by EPA (0.03 lbs/MM Btu). 

Much attention has been paid to resource use and waste and the associated environmental impacts for the fuel production life cycle. For fuel cells, this notably includes hydrogen but is certainly applicable to all fuel cell fuels. For example, Cooper et al. (2009) present data for the estimation of life cycle energy consumption (total and as fossil, coal, natural gas and petroleum fuels), the contribution to climate change, smog formation, acidification and particulate matter emissions for stationary fuel cell fuels. In fact, they estimate the contribution to climate change of the fuel production life cycle for various hydrogen sources, liquid petroleum gas and natural gas from 38.3 to 1430 kg CO2/MJ. 

---