Coal continued parameters

It is well known that the characteristics of coal differ widely according to the age of the coal formation as well as to the location of coal, etc. And the reactivity during hydroliquefaction depends on the characteristics of coals. This relationship will he a guidance to select and develop coal mines. Many parameters to indicate the reactivity of coal have heen proposed (l, 2, 2). Among these parameters, carhon content, volatile matter content, value of H/C atomic ratio, reactive macerals content, etc. are reported to he relatively closely related parameters to coal reactivity. However, these relations are usually found only in limited reaction conditions. Therefore, attempts to find better parameters still continue. 

The Effect of Residence Time The final parameter that was studied was the solid residence time. In the semi-continuous reactor used for this study, the volatile product is swept from the reactor by a continuous stream of hydrogen and, therefore, there is both a vapour and solid residence time. It is this latter parameter that has been studied here and the solid residence time was considered to be the time that the reactor spends at temperature. For the study of the residence time, tin (1 % of the coal) as stannous chloride was used as the catalyst and the other conditions are given in Table II. 

Victorian brown coal occurs in five major lithotypes distinguishable by color index and petrography. Advantage has been taken of a rare 100 m continuous core to compare and contrast chemical variations occurring as a function of lithotype classification. For many parameters there is a much greater contrast between the different lithotypes than there is across the depth profile of (nearly) identical lithotypes. Molecular parameters, such as the distributions of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, triterpenoids and pertrifluoroacetic acid oxidation products, together with gross structural parameters derived from IR and C-NMR spectroscopic data, Rock-Eval and elemental analyses and the yields of specific extractable fractions are compared. 

Chemical composition of waste plastic cracking products depends on shares of the individual polymers (PE, PP, PS) in the feed and process parameters. This fact decides the technological application of the final products. Important products of the cracking process, both petroleum fractions and waste plastics, are coke residues. Coke residue yield increases considerably, up to 10 wt%, in cracking of municipal and industrial waste plastics since they contain various inorganic impurities and additives. It can be applied as solid fuel, like brown coal. In the fluid cracking the solid residue is continuously removed from the process by combustion in a regenerator section. 

Pyrolysis is an ancient method of decomposing solid matter by heating to high temperatures examples are production of metals, coke furnaces, and obtaining of chemicals from coal prior to petroleum. There are many kinds of pyrolysis batch, semi-batch or continuous catalytic or non-catalytic out under vacuum or at atmospheric or high pressure. Its medium may be inert, oxidative or reductive. Heating rate, temperature, and time are important pyrolysis parameters. 

While substantial quantities of only a few experimental syn-fuels have been generated, those which are available have demonstrated the degradation problems that were predicted from work with petroleum. The high heteroatom and unsaturate content of syncrudes derived from shale and coal will necessitate closer attention to processing parameters required to produce a commercially viable product. This paper presents basic and applied data which should aid in the tradeoff decisions between further costly processing and product stability. Because this is a progress report on continuing work, many of the conclusions are preliminary in nature. 

Then, the newly installed coal fired plants had a typical live steam pressure of 24.1 MPa, though steam temperatures improved gradually. The most advanced steam condition currently in commercial operation is 24.1 MPa/566°C/593°C, which was applied to Nanao-Ohta No. 1 boiler of Hokuriku Electric Power Company supplied by BHK in 1995. This trend continues with Matsuura No. 2 Unit, the steam parameters of which were 24.1 MPa/593°C/593°C in 1997. 

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