Clothing effectiveness

Boil a second piece of dyed silk in a solution of chlorine water. (7) What effect was produced on the color (8) Was the strength of the fiber of the cloth effected Rinse the cloth under the tap and boil it in the solution of potassium chlorate. (9) Was the color restored (10) To what class of reactions does the bleaching process belong (11) What advantage does it possess over bleaching with sulphur dioxide ... 

Y. Morozumi, K. Akaki, N. Tanabe, Heat and moisture transfer in gaps between sweating imitation skin and nonwoven cloth effect of gap space and alignment of skin and clothing on the moismre transfer. Heat Mass Transf. 48 (2012) 1235—1245. 

E- T. L. Vigo, Protective Clothing Effective Against Biohazards in Protective Clothing Systems and Matoials, M Raheel (ed.), Marcel Ddcker, New Ycvk, 225-243,1994. 

Optical Brighteners, Although the surfactant system in detergents cleans clothes effectively, white fabric tends to gray or lose its white appearance after numerous washes. Optical brighteners are added to detergent formulations to visually improve the whiteness or brightness of the fabric. 

Effective temperature (ET ) is a single number representing those combinations of temperature and humidity which are equivalent in terms of comfort. It is defined as the dry-bulb temperature of the environment at 50% relative humidity. Standard effective temperature loci for normally clothed, sedentary persons are plotted on Eigure 3. The sensation of comfort depends in part upon the wetness of one s skin. Thus, as a person becomes more active the effective temperature lines become more hori2ontal and the influence of relative humidity is more pronounced. 

Benefits of Prethickening. The feed soHds concentration has a profound effect on the performance of any cake filtration equipment. It affects the capacity and the cake resistance, as weU as the penetration of the soHds into the cloth which influences filtrate clarity and medium resistance. Thicker feeds lead to improved performance of most filters through higher capacity and lower cake resistance. 

Another variation of the string discharge is the use of a thick plastic belt which is perforated by conical openings. The dmm is covered with filter cloth and the belt covers the cloth for the filtration and dewatering operations. The soHds fill the perforations in the belt and then leave the dmm with the belt to be discharged by air blow as pellets. This is an effective way of pelletising coarse mineral ores. 

Despite their theoreticaUy poor washing performance, due to uneven wash distribution and excessive mn-off because the filter surface is not horizontal, many multicompartment dmm filters continue to be used as cake washing filters. Effective washing of the filter cloth can be done only with the belt discharge type, where the cloth leaves the dmm for a brief period and can thus be washed on both sides. 

Pentamethylphosphorotriamide. Of the phosphoramide derivatives, pentamethylphosphorotriamide [10159-46-3] is the most effective finish when appHed to fabric in conjunction with dimethylolmelamine and an amine hydrochloride catalyst. The finished fabric passes the FF3-71 flammabihty test. Its main appHcation is for use on heavyweight clothes since the finish imparts a harsh hand to lightweight fabrics (99). 

RoUer-top cards have five to seven sets of workers and strippers to mix and card the fibers carried on the cylinder. The multiple transferring action and re-introduction of new groupings of fibers to the carding zones provides a doubling effect which enhances web uniformity. Stationary-top cards have strips of metallic clothing mounted on plates positioned concavely around the upper periphery of the cylinder. The additional carding surfaces thus estabhshed provide expanded fiber alignment with minimum fiber extraction. 

A reverse-wipe appHcation is seen ia the clothes dryer fabric softener sheet whereia the spunbonded fabric is coated with a complex combination of compounds that are released iato the environment of a hot clothes dryer to soften and perfume the clothes, as weU as provide an antistatic quaHty. The spunbonded sheet, which must be made of polyester or nylon for temperature resistance, provides a simple and cost-effective medium to store the chemical compounds prior to release ia the dryer. 

This provides a durable finish which, unlike many other flame retardants, can withstand repeated (50—100) launderiags without a loss of efficiency. An added advantage is that the feel of the cloth (hand) is Htde effected. Principal markets are ia the treatment of iadustrial protective clothing, military uniforms, and, ia Europe, for furnishings. These products are available from Albright Wilson Ltd. and Cytec Industries Inc. 

Poly(tetramethylene ether) glycols were found to have low oral toxicity in animal tests. The approximate lethal oral dose, LD q, for Terathane 1000 has been found to be greater than 11,000 mg/kg (272). No adverse effects on inhalation have been observed. The polymer glycols are mild skin and eye irritants, and contact with skin, eyes, and clothing should be avoided. Goggles and gloves are recommended. In case of contact with the skin, wash thoroughly with water and soap. If swallowed, no specific intervention is indicated, because the compounds are not hazardous. However, a physician should be consulted (260). 

Repellents on Cloth. Each candidate repellent is appHed to a knit cotton stocking or cloth patch at 3.3 g/m cloth, usually as a 1% solution of active ingredient (AI) ia acetone. Two hours later, the stock or cloth patch is placed over an untreated nylon stocking on the arm of a subject, the hand covered, and the arm exposed to 1500 female mosquitoes for one minute. If fewer than five bites are counted, the test is repeated at 24 h, then weekly until failure, which is, by definition, five bites per minute. The standard mosquitoes used are Piedes aegppti Anopheles quadrimaculatus or M. albimanus. Candidate repellents ia cloth tests are ia one of the foUowiag classes class 1, effective 0 d class 2, 1—5 d class 3, 6—10 d class 4, 11—21 d and class 5, >21 d. 

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