Clock, internal

Jet lag, a disturbance of the sleep-wake cycle, occurs when there is a disparity between the external time and the traveler s endogenous circadian clock (internal time). The internal time regulates not only daily sleep rhythms but also body temperature and many metabolic systems. The synchronization of the circadian clock relies on light as the most potent "zeitgeber" (time giver). 

The external trigger input allows automatic inspections and ultrasonic imaging. The clock signal of an encoder or of stepper motors can be used as a trigger for the pulser. An internal software controlled divider allows different scan resolutions. 

A typical transputer architecture. The transputer (sometimes referred to as a computer on a chip) has four input/output links (0, 1, 2, 3) to other transputers, a channel for inputting/requesting data (event link), some built-in random-access memory, an interface to the main operating system (clock, boot, etc.), and an external memory interface. Internal communication is via a bus. 

Controlling from internal time programs (daily, weekly, or monthly clock with extra program for vacations)... 

Marine Titanic struck iceberg, Atlantic Ocean April 15, 1912 1517 Regulation regarding number of lifeboats all passenger ships equipped for around tlie clock radio watch International Ice Patrol... 

The proof proceeds from the observation that each of the four essential primitive elements for computation - namely, the storage (requiring an internal memory), transmission (requiring an internal clock and wires), and processing (requiring... 

Having demonstrated, by construction, that each of the computational elements required of a conventional digital computer for its own computation - namely, (1) digital bit-stream signals, (2) wires, (3) redirection circuits, (4) an internal system clock, (5) a (potentially infinite) memory, and (6) a set of universal logic gates... 

In equation 10.7, the neuronal site variables Si(t) can be updated either synchronously, where each neuron is simultaneously updated throughout the net, or asynchronously, where at each time step only one randomly chosen neuron is updated. While the first choice has the virtue of more closely resembling a conventional CA dynamical updating scheme, the second choice is more physically realistic insofar as the brain does not have an internal clock to synchronize the dynamics of its neurons. In practice, while the two updating schemes produce slightly different behavior, the general behavioral characteristics of the net are the same. 

Circadian Rhythms. Figure 1 Mammalian circadian system is organized as a hierarchy of multiple clocks thatfunction to synchronize timing of internal processes between each other and with the environment. See details in the text. 

The most common CRDs include jet lag, shift-work sleep disruption, delayed sleep-phase disorder, and advanced sleep-phase disorder. Jet lag occurs when a person travels across time zones, and the external environmental time is mismatched with the internal circadian clock. Delayed and advanced sleep-phase disorders occur when bed and wake times are delayed or advanced (by 3 or more hours) compared with socially prescribed bed and wake times. 

Unlike these conventional techniques, NSE measures the neutron velocities of the incident and scattered neutrons using the Larmor precession of the neutron spin in an external magnetic field, whereby, the neutron spin vector acts like the hand of an internal clock, which is linked to each neutron and stores the result of the velocity measurement at the neutron itself. The velocity measurement is thus performed individually for each neutron. For this reason, the... 

A Global scheme for solvolysis 2 Clocks for reactions of ion pairs 3 Addition of solvent to carbocation-anion pairs i Protonation of a carbocation-anion pair 11 Isomerization of ion pair reaction intermediates Reorganization of ion pairs in water 13 Internal return of isotopically labeled ion pairs Racemization of ion pairs 22 Concluding remarks 24 Acknowledgements 24 References 24... 

A special kind of random noise, pseudo random noise, has the special property of not being really random. After a certain time interval, a sequence, the same pattern is repeated. The most suitable random input function used in CC is the Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS). The PRBS is a logical function, that has the combined properties of a true binary random signal and those of a reproducible deterministic signal. The PRBS generator is controlled by an internal clock a PRBS is considered with a sequence length N and a clock period t. It is very important to note that the estimation of the ACF, if computed over an integral number of sequences, is exactly equal to the ACF determined over an infinite time. 

In 1960 the International Committee of Weights and Measures selected radioactive cesium-137 (with a half-life of about 33 years) as the standard for measuring time. They equated the second with the radiation emitted by a Cs-137 atom that is excited by a small energy source. Thus, the second is now defined as 9,192,631,770 vibrations of the radiation emitted by an atom of Cs-137. There are about 200 atomic clocks around the world that collaborate their efforts to maintain this extremely accurate clock that never needs winding or batteries. 

The availabihty, at a reasonable price, of computer power, along with the various associated peripherals that are imperative for a viable computer system, is seen as being the most important influence on future growth in this area. Recent years have seen the dechne of the mainframe due to the increased power and availabihty of the personal computer. Today s Pentium-based IBM-compatible PCs with 100 MHz internal clocks and SOO megabyte hard disks are a far cry from those that were popular with chemists a decade ago. 

Time is readily sensed physiologically, and the so-called flow of time is measured by the regularity of motions and changes occurring within and around us. Plato s interpretation of Heraclitus analogy of fife to a river is that all things are in flux. We are immersed in a universe of processes that act as clocks, and even in solitude, we can still sense heartbeat, pulse, heat flow and the motions of other internal processes. Consciousness itself appears... 

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