Environmental externalities

To investigate physiological reactions occurring in a plant, as it grows and develops or under the action of environmental external and internal factors, researchers employ methods that subjects the plants being studied to stresses. This inevitably has an influence on the final results of such... 

The development of mild forms of anxiety and neuroveg-etative and/or cognitive responses to stress may represent an adaptive evolutionary step against environmentally (external) or self-triggered (internal) threats, but maladaptive reactions have also emerged in human evolution. Thus, anxiety disorders are maladaptive conditions in which disproportionate responses to stress, or even self-evoked responses, are displayed. Anxiety disorders are one of the most frequent psychiatric illnesses, and have a lifetime prevalence of 15- 20% [1, 89]. The most common presentations are generalized anxiety disorder, with a lifetime prevalence rate of close to 5% [1, 89] social anxiety disorder, with very variable lifetime prevalence rates ranging from 2 to 14% [90] panic disorder, with rates from 2 to 4% [1,89] and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a prevalence rate close to 8%. Specific phobias, acute stress and obsessive-compulsive behavior are other clinical presentations of anxiety disorders. 

To create the possibility of change, more generally, we carmot depend solely on the unit of the individual. Meaningful management needs to examine the powerful normative institutions that are unique to socially aggregated behaviors and the protection of collective interests. Environmental externalities, whether they flow out of the tailpipes of a sports utility vehicle (SUV) or the lawn at the end of a cul-de-sac, form a specifically social puzzle necessitating social-level intervention. 

Raising revenue from environmental policy is not a new idea. The classical recommendation is to tax activities with external (such as environmental) costs, to make firms factor these costs into their decisions (Pigou, 1920). A secondary benefit of such eco-taxation, in addition to internalizing the environmental externality, is that the revenue raised can be recycled to reduce other distortionary taxes on labour or capital in the economy.4... 

Environmental (External—Organism Exposure to Food Allergen)... 

In the market for energy, the main causes of divergence between private and social prices are the regulation of natural gas prices, the existence of a social cost associated with U.S. dependence on imports of foreign oil not reflected in private prices, and the existence of environmental externalities such as pollution or risk of a major accident such as nuclear leakage. 

This microscopic analysis of science and its applications emanates from several valid concerns the role of science in the development and extensive use of lethal weapons the continued existence of widespread poverty, with over a billion people in the world remaining virtually untouched by the benefits of modern S T and the threat of serious environmental externalities from unprecedented levels of production and consumption of goods and services. 

A manufacturer of Lambda products or components shall be evaluated for appropriate compliance to safety and environmental standards. (See Forms—Section 7.3 Appendix III Safety Industrial Hygiene External Manufacturing Checklist, and Section 7.4 Appendix IV Environmental External Manufacturing Checklist.)... 

Appendix IV—Environmental External Manufacturing Checklist (Not available)... 

The environmental externalities cost of coal gasification will always be lower than for direct coal combustion. The size of this advantage depends on the /ton emission charges assigned each emission. Nevertheless, environmental externalities costs are sure to rise due to increasing concern about sustainable development and relationship... 

Environmental Externalities An Overview of Theory and Practice. Palo Alto, California Electric Power Research Institute, May 1991. CU/EN-7294. 

Victor Niemeyer. Application of Environmental Externalities to Utility Decisions Implications for Advanced Generation Alternatives. Tenth Annual Conference on Gasification Power Plants, San Francisco, California, October 15-18, 1991. 

IQ ENVIRONMENTAL (EXTERNAL) FACTORS Volume and conceniralion of the toMcant... 

However, in some industries governments are able to shift the national contexts towards the front a global trend. For instance, negative environmental externalities can be corrected by assigning a price to environmental risks, water pollution and... 

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