Clay, adsorbability

Fig. 6. Pilot-scale kiln results for a fill fraction of 0.08% at 0.5 rpm and an initial toluene loading, on a dry, calcined, montmorillonite clay adsorbent, of 0.25 wt %, at A, 790°C B, 330°C and C, 190°C. The soHd lines are model fits using equation 24. The model simultaneously fits to all of the data (24).

The Indians of the Peruvian Altiplano eat potatoes with a dip of clay and a mustard-like herb. They say the clay removes the bitter taste and prevents stomach pains or vomiting after eating large amounts of potatoes. The people who eat clay intend detoxication. This may explain how Indians started to utilize and domesticate wild potatoes. Indeed, experiments have shown that four different types of edible clay adsorb the glycoalkaloid tomatine under simulated... 

Figure 15.25. Liquid phase adsorption processes for water treated with activated carbon and petroleum treated with clay adsorbents, (a) A two-stage slurry tank and filter process, (b) Continuous pulsed bed operation, individual pulses 2-10% of bed volume as needed.

Two bench-scale versions of isobutane purification units are designed and febricated to operate automatically. One unit has the adsorption column dimension of SOmm(lD), ISOOmm(L) in which adsorbents of zeolite A and CMS are loaded. The other has the adsorption column dimension of2Smm(lD), lOOOmm(L) in which zeolite A and modified clay adsorbents are loaded. 

TABLE 8. Evaluating Bleaching Clays/Adsorbents Recommended AOCS Test Methods. 

This means that only about one in 10,000 molecules in solution is in the cation form at pH 8, but significant adsorption still occurs. Results of this sort have been used to argue that clay surfaces have a much lower pH than the solution in contact with the clay, and that this low pH enhances the protonation of organic bases at the clay-solution interface. It is probably more correct to say that negatively charged clays adsorb the cation, BH, in strong preference over the neutral molecule, B, with... 

Pharmasorb. [Engelhard] Attspilgite clay adsorbent for pharmaceuticals. 

Tonsil [L.A. Salomon] Activated clay adsorbent for bleaching oils, fats. 

Resing and coworkers performed C NMR measurements on a benzene/ hectorite system [60]. A single-crystal" study was performed in essence, since the clay platelets were preferentially oriented and then the clay/adsorbate system was rotated in the magnetic field. The benzene molecules were found basically to stand on edge in the interlayer space and undergo rotation about their hexad axes. They also seem to rotate about an axis normal to the clay layers, but this motion is frozen out at 77 K. 

The montmorillonite clay adsorbs certain cations and they remain as exchangeable cations. The most common exchangeable cations are Na+, Ca, Mg +, H+, K+ and NH. When clay is placed in a solution of a given electrolyte, an exchange occurs between the ions of the clay (X ) and those of the electrolyte (Y+). 

General Procedure for Clay-Adsorbed Microwave Reactions ... 

THE EFFECT OF MICROEMULSION COMPOSITION ON THE ADSORPTION OF PETROLEUM SULFONATES ON BEREA SAND/MONTMORILLONITE CLAY ADSORBENTS... 

The adsorption from microemulsion of two petroleum sulfonates, PDM-334 and TRS 10-410, on Berea sand/montmorillonite clay adsorbents has been studied to determine 1) the effect of microemulsion composition, specifically its relative oil and brine content, on sulfonate adsorption 2) the effect of adsorption on the microemulsion composition and interfacial tension behavior. Whereas the degree of sulfonate adsorption can be determined by conventional methods (e.g. UV spectroscopy), one must utilize a microemulsion property which is a sensitive function of the relative oil and brine content of the microemulsion in order to determine the adsorption-induced changes in the microemulsion composition. This can be accomplished by the use of the microemulsion specific refraction. 

Clay adsorbents are modified by combining organic substances, produced synthetically, and these inorgano-organo clays are of vital importance to remove pollutants from industrial waste water. The basic material of inorganic clay phase is varieties of expanding clays, like montmorrilonite, bentonite etc. 

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations on the clay-water interface system have been studied by many researchers worldwide since the mid 1990s. The use of MC for clay-water simulation was popular because the stochastic Metropolis algorithm has been used successfully for many other liquid-state physical chemistry (63). This method has strong advantages in sampling conformational surface, and this advantageous technique has been used to find the clay-adsorbate-water equilibrium structure. 

Microwave activation of organic reactions on clay-adsorbed compounds Rearrangement of pinacol to pinacolone intercalated in montmoriUonite Gutierrez et al. (137)... 

Smectite clay adsorbents (bentonites) offer a broad scale of applications and bind different kinds of compounds (Table 3). Percolation experiments are now widely used to test the adsorption behavior of absorbents for practical purposes. An enormous pool of data is produced. 

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