Classifier specialist

The distinction between specialist and generalist classifiers is quantified by the classifier specificity. The specificity of a classifier is determined by the number of symbols that it contains thus, it is a function of the form of the classifier. The specificity is larger the greater the number of Os and Is in the string, and is equal to the ratio of the total number of Os and Is, b to the total length of the string,... 

In a complex environment, an effective set of classifiers will contain both specialists and generalists. Figure 9.6 illustrates how these rules can work together to control the environment. 

Since generalists have low specificity, their bids for a given classifier strength will be lower than bids from specialists and they may fail in their bids unless they are of very general utility, so often receive a reward and, thus, have high strength. Notice that the generalist /action has a specificity of zero, so if this classifier is a member of the classifier list, any bid it makes cannot succeed. 

Successful development of fibre optic chemical sensors requires the cooperation of many specialists in various fields of science. Scientists in analytical chemistry, polymer science, material science, optoelectronics and electronics etc. can be involved in this multidisciplinary task. Depending on the application of the sensor biologists, medical doctors or environmentalists can also be incorporated to the working group. Although, the contribution of all specialists cannot be classified by the importance, analytical chemistry and material science seem to be the key to the success. 

By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the responses of AL neurons to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex pheromone components as well as partial and complete blends (75). In accordance with results of behavioral and sensory-receptor studies, components A and B are the most effective and potent sex pheromone components for eliciting physiological responses in the male-specific AL neurons. On the basis of these responses, we classified the neurons into two broad categories pheromone generalists and pheromone specialists (76). Pheromone generalists are neurons that respond similarly to stimulation of either the component A input channel or the component B input channel and do not respond differently when the complete, natural pheromone blend is presented to the antenna. In contrast, pheromone specialists are neurons that can discriminate between antennal stimulation with component A and stimulation with component B. There are several types of pheromone specialists. Some... 

Another approach, adopted by J. S. Jellinek (1992) in his Map of Perfumes, is to classify perfumes on the basis of consumer perception. Consumer perception in many cases differs considerably from that of either the perfumer or fragrance specialist within the industry. Such a classification is valuable in the positioning of new perfumes being launched onto the market. 

C. In each a core of yarns appears to be wrapped with featherlike structures, which are then bound to the core by a fine yam with no twist (Figure 12). System A yams measure 4.20 mm the featherlike structures exhibit the characteristic shapes of downy barbules found on feathers, as indicated earlier. Scholtz (12) considers the complex yarns to be re-plied yams because the core consists of plied yams, and a wrapping yarn encircles the core unit. Modem textile specialists would classify yams... 

Optical biosensors based on the use of fiber optics can be classified into two categories intrinsic sensors where interaction with the analyte occurs within an element of the optical fiber, and extrinsic sensors in which the optical fiber is used to couple light, usually to and fi om the region where the light beam is influenced by the measurand. Moreover, biosensors become attractive because they can be easily used by non-specialist personnel and they allow accurate determination with either none or little sample treatment. Therefore, fiber-optic biosensors may be especially useful in... 

There are approximately 40,400 medicinal prescribers, 29,000 of which are physicians. Specialists comprise of 60 percent of this number. The number of pharmacists is 4,500, optimal for the country. By the end of 1995, apart from healthcare facilities run by the state, there were 10,230 physicians and 4,620 dentists in private practice. Approximately 403 wholesalers are licensed in Bulgaria, 381 of which are private and 22 that are in process of privatization. There are 2,300 pharmacies of which only 500 are still state-owned. About 6,000 drug dosage forms are registered in Bulgaria of which 15 percent are classified as over-the-counter (OTC). 

The problems of spectroscopy are similar Sometimes it is difficult to assess the UV or IR spectra of unknown substances from theory , and even the specialist can only rarely classify such substances to any degree of certainty. 

Many pressure vessels used for isostatic pressing must be classified as thick walled . The literature on this subject is considerable but, unfortunately, in many countries rules for minimum requirements of design, fabrication, operation, inspection, and certification of such vessels is lacking. Design and fabrication are very much in the domain of specialists who rely to a great extent on past experience. 

The listing of wines in the manner indicated, while exceedingly important to the consumer of wines and especially to the connoisseur, is of little aid to the student or technician. Fortunately, it is possible to classify wines also in a more general manner on a basis of their gross composition, disregarding the fine distinctions made by the specialist. There are four dichotomous bases on which wines can be divided, namely ... 

UXO is discovered most often in a deteriorated condition after years of exposure, which can make positive identification difficult or impossible. Positive identification is even more difficult for UXO specialists, since, unlike EOD technicians, they do not have ready access to EOD 60 Series publications, reference documents with detailed information on the identification and functioning of specific ordnance. These publications are frequently classified and available to UXO specialists only on an as-needed basis from the Huntsville MCX. UXO specialists are not authorized to maintain EOD 60 Series libraries, which would have to be guarded with the proper security and updated when the publications are changed by the EOD Technology Center in Indian Head, Maryland. 

When neither BIP nor movement of the UXO is possible, a render safe procedure (RSP) is a viable option. Huntsville MCX, however, allows only EOD technicians, not UXO specialists, to perform this operation because needed information on particular RSPs is available only from classified EOD 60 Series publications, to which civilian UXO specialists do not have easy and routine access. The RSP disrupts the UXO s explosive train, which is the series of events that causes an armed UXO to detonate. This procedure is extremely time consuming and possibly hazardous, so it is most efficient to BIP these armed items and transport only those that are safe to move in the condition in which they were found. 

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