Rendering safe procedure

Rendering Safe Procedure (RSP). The tools and methods employed against an expl device or munition designed to neutralize or otherwise make safe the fuzing system, so that it can be assumed safe for transportation and disposal. 

Any method which could detonate or initiate the munition would not be considered a true rendering safe procedure in bomb disposal circles... 

When neither BIP nor movement of the UXO is possible, a render safe procedure (RSP) is a viable option. Huntsville MCX, however, allows only EOD technicians, not UXO specialists, to perform this operation because needed information on particular RSPs is available only from classified EOD 60 Series publications, to which civilian UXO specialists do not have easy and routine access. The RSP disrupts the UXO s explosive train, which is the series of events that causes an armed UXO to detonate. This procedure is extremely time consuming and possibly hazardous, so it is most efficient to BIP these armed items and transport only those that are safe to move in the condition in which they were found. 

Decontamination is a procedure to render safe for handling, disposal, or the subsequent processing of an article that may contain a large amount of potentially infectious organisms. Decontamination and sterilization are similar procedures, except that in the former case the bioburden is higher. In both cases, all organisms present are destroyed. However, decontamination is not expected to result reHably in the 10 probabiHty of microbial survival, as in sterilization, because of the higher bioburden. Decontamination may include sanitization and disinfection steps, but it most frequentiy involves sterilization... 

Dining attempted conversion of recovered selenium metal to the dioxide by heating in oxygen, a vigorous explosion occurred. This was attributed to selenium-catalysed oxidation of traces of organic impurities in the selenium. Oxidation of recovered selenium with nitric acid is rendered vigorous by presence of organic impurities, but is a safe procedure [1]. The later reference incorrectly attributed the explosions to the nitric acid procedure [2],... 

Warnings, cautions, and special emergency procedures (e.g., egress, rescue, escape, render safe, EOD, backout, etc.), including those necessitated by failure of a computer software-controlled operation to produce the expected and required safe result or indication... 

Physical hazards from mechanical equipment must also be locked out to ensure worker safety. Valve pits or manholes that may be flooded with water or other fluids must also be rendered safe prior to entry. If work is performed on an elevated storage tank, additional fall-protection procedures need to be followed. When workers are exposed to air contaminants such as sandblasting materials, welding fumes, or paint solvents, additional air monitoring and explosive hazards controls need to be taken. 

Disinfection destroys pathogenic organisms. This procedure can render an object safe for use. Disinfectants include solutions of hypochlorites, tinctures of iodine or iodophores, phenoHc derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (see Disinfectants AND antiseptics). Effective use of disinfected materials must be judged by properly trained personnel. 

In children above 2 years of age, the situation is not substantially different from adults as far as the relative amounts of amino acids excreted are concerned. In fact, only very few really satisfactory data have been obtained so far in urines from children above 2 years of age. We present therefore in Fig. 3 a typical chromatogram of a 24-hr specimen of urine of a normal child, 2 years old, as drawn from Vis observations. Comparison of quantitative data concerning daily excretions are rendered difficult because of the differences in body size. The 24-hr basis alone is not suitable. It is necessary to compare data on the basis of percentage of total nitrogen excretion, or per kilogram of body weight, a procedure adopted by Jonxis and Huisman. We do not believe it suitable or safe to choose a comparison factor based on creatinine excretion. 

Nontoxic nonflammable products may be safely vented to reduce the cylinder pressure to atmospheric pressure prior to recycling. Nontoxic flammable products should be fully expended through normal use before disposal. Unused flammable substances may be considered hazardous wastes under the U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The supplier should be contacted to obtain the proper procedure for rendering the cylinder recyclable. Only knowledgeable persons familiar with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations should perform the actual disposal procedure. 

This is a critical area since accurate identification of a munition is essential to ensure that the correct procedures for rendering it safe are applied. Since it is likely that on site remediation will be the preferred option for dealing with small numbers of old and/or abandoned munitions, correct identification will be required to ensure that correct safety procedures are put in place. Although much progress has been made in recent years, the area will still benefit from intensive research. Current methods include ... 

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