Dyes, classification disperse

Several types of dyes or colorants do not "fit" logically into the other classifications and have been included in this special classification. Disperse dyes are small polar dye molecules which can be used to dye thermoplastic fibers such as triacetate, nylon, polyester, and other synthetic fibers. Solvent dyes are dyes which are specially formulated so that they can be applied from solvents other than water. Pigments are not dyes at all, but rather colorants that must be incorporated in the fiber during spinning or fixed on the surface of the fiber by use of a polymer adhesive. Natural dyes are complex mixtures derived from natural sources which can be placed in a number of the above classifications. 

Azo Dyes. The Colourindex classifications of dyes depend more on their historical eady use than on their stmctures, eg. Oil Orange is named Solvent Yellow 14, and a yellow for synthetic fibers is Disperse Yellow 23. 

The Committee appointed by the Society of Dyers and Colourists reported that no sharp dividing lines exist which make it possible to group the disperse dyes into separate classifications according to their dyeing behaviour. It was therefore decided that a series of tests which would give reproducible and comparable results should be recommended... 

Mishra and Tripathy (1993) proposed a simplified classification as follows anionic (direct, acid, and reactive dyes), cationic (basic) dyes, and nonionic (disperse) dyes. There are many structural... 

Classification of disperse dyes used for PP fibers can be made according to their performance [475], as follows ... 

There are, of course, many varieties in each of these chemical classifications, so that the result is hundreds of individual dyes each with its own specific characteristics for hue and use on substrates. Dyers have arranged this very complex and large group of chemical products into ten categories arranged by the method of application to the fiber or substrate acid dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, disperse dyes, reactive dyes, solvent dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes, and mordant dyes. It is in these categories that dyestuffs are discussed in the trade. 

Azo dyes are classified according to a color index system based on usage and chemical constituents. These are subdivided into monoazo, disazo, trisazo, and polyazo derivatives with a specific assigned range of color index number. Another classification system involves dividing dyes into dyeing classes such as acid, basic, disperse, direct, mordant, and reactive dyes. Azo compounds are used extensively as dyes to color varnishes, paper, fabrics, inks, paints, plastics, and cosmetics. They are used in color photography. 

Tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride. See Tallowtrimonium chloride Tallow trimethyl ammonium methosulfate. See Tallowtrimonium methosulfate Tallow trimethylene diamine. See Tallowaminopropylamine Tallowtrimonium chloride CAS 8030-78-2 7491-05-2 68002-61-9 EINECS/ELINCS 232-447-4 Synonyms Quaternary ammonium compds., tallow alkyl trimethyl, chlorides Tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride Trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride Classification Quaternary ammonium salt Formula [R-N(CH3)3]" Cr, R rep. alkyl groups derived from tallow Properties Cationic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Antistat, preservative, surfactant in cosmetics dispersant external antistat for plastics emulsifier in corrosion inhibitor formulations for oil field brines and HCI acidizing systems textile softener, dyeing aid ... 

Uses Corrosion inhibitor in water treatment chemicals in sec. oil recovery emulsifier in cosmetics textile dyeing assistant dispersant in acidic sol ns. retarding agent for acidic, disperse and premetalized dyestuffs ManufJDistrib. Sigma Somerset Cosmetic Co. Variati Trade Names Chemeen DT-15 Ethoduomeen T/25 lmbentin-DT/150 PEG-25 tallow aminopropylamine Classification Ethoxylated diamine... 

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