Clarifiers cartridge

Cartridge Clarifiers Cartridge clarifiers are units which consist of or use one or more replaceable or renewable cartridges containing the active fQter element. The unit usually is placed in a hne carrying the hq-uidto be clarified clarification thus occurs while the liqmd is in transit. 

Miscellaneous Clarifiers Various types of filters such as cartridge, magnetic, and bag filters are widely used in polishing operations, generally to remove trace amounts of suspended sohds... 

Clarifying Filters - Usually cartridge-type or bag filters designed to remove small amounts of particles from a solution. Laboratory personnel typically use these types of filters. These types of filters are also used for 0.2 micron terminal sterilization. 

Clarification of a great variety of industrial liquids is accomplished on smaller scales than in tank clarifiers by application of cartridge filters some of these applications are listed in Table 11.10. 

Sample preparation for the determination of cyclamate by HPLC can be performed as described in Sec. I.C. (17,24,35,43). Potassium bromide can be used as an internal standard (17). In order to reduce interference, extracts can be clarified with Carrez reagents (24,35) or by solid-phase extraction. Nakazato et al. (43) added tetrabutylammonium bromide to the extract, adjusted pH to 4.0 -5.0, passed it through a Mega Bond Elut Cl 8 cartridge, and eluted cyclamate with a mixture of acetonitrile water (3 7, v/v). Lehr and Schmid (71) used an amino-anion-exchange column for the purification of cyclamate. After activation of the column with n-heptane, methanol, water, and 30% acetic acid, the sample was passed through the column and washed with water. Cyclamate was eluted with 2 M NaOH solution. 

Sample preparation for HPLC analysis of alitame will depend on the type of food (16,33), and complex matrices may be clarified with Carrez solutions or by means of C18 disposable cartridge (33), as described in Sec. I.C. 

These filters are used on slurries with small amounts of solids, usually less than 0.1%, and ganerally do not form any visible cake. Solids io be removed are usually very small panicles that may be trapped on the surface of the filter medium or within the medium. This typa of filter is usually used in a polishing application where excellent quality liquids are needed as in food or beverage, pharmaceutical, and electronic processing operations. The most common clarifying fillers are disk and plate presses, cartridge filters, precoal pressure filters, deep bed filters, and membrane filters. 

Clarifying filters for liquids include the gravity-bed filters for water treatment mentioned earlier and a variety of small cartridge and edge filters of various designs. Some cake filters, especially tank filters and continuous precoat filters, are used extensively for clarification. In a batch unit, the filtration rate and solids removal efficiency are typically almost constant for a considerable period of operation, but eventually the solids content of the effluent rises to an unacceptable breakthrough value, and backwashing of the filter element becomes necessary. 

Other cartridge filters contain tubular elements of porous metal or ceramic material that trap the particles inside the pores. Many of the crossflow filters described in the next section are effective liquid clarifiers. 

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