Technology civilian

Eads, George, U.S. Government Support for Civilian Technology Economic Theory Versus Political Practice," Research Policy (197 ), pp. 2-l6. 

Numerous studies, all the way back to the White House Civilian Technology Panel in the Kennedy Administration (which I was privileged to serve as Executive Director) have called for new "institutional arreingements" to stimulate industrial innovation. The general perception is that nothing has happened in response to these calls, and that apathy continues. 

Daniel P. Jones, From military to civilian technology The introduction of tear gas for civil riot control, Technology and Culture, 19 (1978), 151-168 ... 

Among the more specialized books is the recent Handbook of Pyrotechnics by K.O. Brauer (Ref 152) which covers, its title notwithstanding, chiefly aspects of ordnance engineering as it applies to space technology, unlike the Aerospace Ordnance Handbook (Ref 133) which contains useful information on pyrotechnics which is not restricted to space applications. For civilian pyrotechnics, the Rev. R. Lancaster s book (Ref 145) is current, while the history of pyrotechnics in antiquity was scholarly presented by J. Partington (Ref 130)... 

Our crystal-ball predictions are that DMFCs will first be commercialized as portable power sources for military and civilian applications before the year 2010 and that there will then be a quantum jump in the technology to be in a position to drive DMFC-powered electric vehicles 10 years thereafter. 

Space technology development has also provided advanced-performance materials test beds in both communications and structural areas. The value of these programs has been passed on in many cases from space and the military to civilian aircraft. Many of the advanced-performance materials in the new generation of airline transports, such as structural composites, were first developed for spacecraft or advanced military aircraft. 

H. Bruce Wallace is currently a senior staff systems engineer for ORSA Corporation, where he is an internationally recognized expert on millimeter-wave (MMW) and sub-MMW technology. He retired as a civilian employee for the Department of the Army, with which he was most recently acting as deputy and director of the Weapons and Materials Research Directorate of the Army Research Laboratory. Pre-... 

A feature of biosensors that should be more fully appreciated by the counterterrorism community is their potential for dual use. Not only will commercial production be more sustainable if there is also a civilian application that produces a steady market demand, but users will have more confidence in a system that becomes thoroughly validated in a more predictable application. If the civilian application is one that also employs potential first responders, such as emergency room staff, veterinarians, or water treatment technicians, such individuals will more fully appreciate the value and limits of the technology. 

Combat medicine poses special problems. Chemical science and technology can aid in the rapid detection and treatment of injuries from chemical and biological weapons and other new weapons such as lasers. We need to develop blood substitutes with a long shelf life, and improved biocompatible materials for dealing with wounds. For the Navy, there are special needs such as analytical systems that can sample the seawater to detect and identify other vessels. We need good ways to detect mines, both at sea and on land. Land mines present a continued threat to civilians after hostilities have ended, and chemical techniques are needed to detect these explosive devices. 

Over several decades, extensive research has been undertaken on the fundamental theory and the mechanisms involved in detonation. Extensive information on this research is in the literature [10]. But of the three fundamental combustion phenomena — deflagration, explosion, and detonation — only detonation has not found exploitation in practical civilian or military applications to the extent that this phenomenon warrants. This is partly due to the fact that the science and technology involved is very complex due to the intense and fast energy release rates and their interaction with the confinement prescribed by the... 

---