Quantum jump

Bolir fiirther postidated that quantum jumps between the different allowed energy levels are always accompanied by absorption or emission of a photon, as required by energy conservation, viz. 

Despite its success in reproducing the hydrogen atom spectmm, the Bolir model of the atom rapidly encountered difficulties. Advances in the resolution obtained in spectroscopic experiments had shown that the spectral features of the hydrogen atom are actually composed of several closely spaced lines these are not accounted for by quantum jumps between Bolir s allowed orbits. However, by modifying the Bolir model to... 

More and more interesting and specialized SEC columns will appear on the market in the near feature, enabling us to do our work more reliably and efficiently. However, the author does not expect quantum jumps in SEC column technology in the next decade, which have been seen since the late 1970s. 

Quantum, n. quantum quantity, portion, quota, -ausbeute, /. quantum yield, -ge-wicht, n. quantum weight, -libergang, m, quantum transition, quantum jump, -zustand, m. quantum state. 

Our crystal-ball predictions are that DMFCs will first be commercialized as portable power sources for military and civilian applications before the year 2010 and that there will then be a quantum jump in the technology to be in a position to drive DMFC-powered electric vehicles 10 years thereafter. 

Costamagna, R, and S. Srinivasan, Quantum jumps in the REMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000 1. Fundamental scientific aspects 11. Engineering, technology development and application aspects, J. Power Sources, 102, 242, 253 (2001). 

Costamagna P, Srinivasan S. 2001. Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from 1960s to the year 2000. J Power Sources 102 242-252. 

Basche, T., Kummer, S. and Brauchle, C. Direct spectroscopic observation of quantum jumps of a single molecule, Nature, 373 (1995), 132-134... 

Laboratory. During the period 19191922, Langmuir developed what he called a "deductive chemistry" using the electron-pair theory of valency and the quantum hypothesis. However, physicists rejected the premises and methodology of Langmuir s theory, which proposed the existence of a "quantum force" to counterbalance Coulombic attraction and which used the notion of principal quantum number but deduced positions of equilibrium rather than quantum jumps for electrons. 12... 

The fact that no lines are to be observed is expected since none of the radiation arising in transitions from this state to lower ones lies in the visible or in the part of the ultra-violet accessible to the quartz spectrograph. Theoretically the smallest quantum jump possible is that from the 11.1 electronic level to that vibration level in which the vibrational energy of the molecule is just short of that necessary for dissociation. Actually the smallest jump is somewhat larger than this in view of the experiments of Oldenberg with argon and which was mentioned... 

The S S film represented a quantum jump in menbrane performance. However,it still wasn t good enough to meet our goal. Specifically we could not produce potable water, less than 500 ppm seilt, from sea water in one pass throu the S S film,no matter how higb we heated the film. Therefore we undertook to make our own membranes, with the following guidelines(ll) ... 

Loewenstein WR, Kanno Y, Socolar SJ Quantum jumps of conductance during formation of conductance channels at cell-cell junction. Nature 1978 274 133-136. 

Exercise. Consider an ensemble of N atoms with three levels as in fig. 45. Write the M-equation for the probability p(n, m, t) of having n atoms in the upper level and m in the intermediate level. Compute/2(Uy, t2y),/2(Uy, f25), etc. These functions describe the statistics of the quantum jumps of a single atom. )... 

Often the nature, number, and distances of atoms in the coordination sphere of a metal can be obtained by a relatively new method called extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAfS). It elaborates upon the long-known fact that X-ray absorption spectra show element-specific edges" that correspond to quantum jumps of core... 

It may be verified that for a double quantum jump the steric factor is A precise treatment must consider simultaneous rotational transitions, because the impulse during collision depends not only on 0 but also on the manner in which 0 changes. However, the major part of the overall transition probability occurs where 6 is small, and coupling with rotation is then at its lowest efficiency. A detailed discussion of this complex problem is given by Herzfeld and Litovitz32. By integration of equation (14) through the velocity distribution, equation (13) takes the form... 

So, in general for d-SoCs, we do not know the size and exact nature of the quantum jump, or indeed, whether it is possible to effect a continuous transition between two regions of experiential space, thus making them extremes of one state of consciousness rather than two discrete states. The important factor of individual differences is discussed in chapter 9. 

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