Chronic pathology

Acute effects of a particular drug and the chronic pathological effects... 

Chronic inflammation is a leading component and contributing event to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease, where a normal inflammatory response to injury becomes a chronic, pathologic wound-healing response. 

From a historical point of view, the research axes of the pharmaceutical industry have shifted away from acute and more toward chronic pathology solutions. The drug discovery technologies have evolved in parallel because the cost of the research linked to the failure rate has increased with the complexity of the pathology of interest. As a consequence, in order to enhance research... 

Gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux of the stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus, which may sometimes occur normally, particularly in the distended stomach postprandially, or as a chronic pathological condition. Gastroesophageal. Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus, as the gastroesophageal junction. 

Dampness is a Yin pathogenic factor and has a stagnating tendency. This characteristic is shown not only by the symptoms, but also by a lingering, recurrent or chronic pathological process. 

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion or a decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. This disease is characterized by a primary defect in the metabolism of carbohydrates and other energy substrates. These metabolic defects can lead to serious acute and chronic pathologic changes. The term diabetes mellitus differentiates this disease from an unrelated disorder known as diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production or insensitivity to ADH. Consequently, the full terminology of diabetes mellitus should be used when referring to the insulin-related disease. Most clinicians, however, refer to diabetes mellitus as simply diabetes. ... 

Persistence of T cells in the brain is a rare event and is associated wdth chronic pathology forming tertiary lymphoid structure that provides support and activation signals by DCs and macrophages. These structures are present in perivascular spaces, meninges and choroid plexus, and w ere studied mostly in multiple sclerosis (see Chapter 18). 

Walker RG, Davies BM, Holwill BJ. A chronic pathological study of lithium nephrotoxicity. J Chro Dis 1982 35 655-695. 

Toxic Substance that causes adverse effects, morbidity, or mortality in living organisms, with either or both acute or chronic pathology poisonous. 

The process of combustion of materials enriched with yttrium seems to be a risk factor as a source of flammable dusts. Yttrium oxide, yttrium chloride, yttrium citrate, and certain other yttrium compounds may cause chronic pathological effects in different parts of the mammalian respiratory system, according to the results of experimental studies carried out in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Therefore, a higher risk for human health may be... 

Bull LB, Dick AT (1959) The chronic pathological effects on the liver of the rat of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids heliotrine, lasiocarpine, and their N-oxides. J Pathol Bacteriol 78 483-502... 

The brands of new insecticides, fungicides and herbicides (weed killers), now on the market or contemplated, number several thousand. The rapidity with which this industry has added new basic materials since the introduction of DDT is phenomenal. The Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry and the Council on Foods and Nutrition are deeply concerned over this situation because so little is known about either the acute or chronic pathologic effects on man. 

K. Ghabili, P. S. Agutter, M. Ghanei, K. Ansarin and M. M. Shoja, Mustard gas toxicity the acute and chronic pathological effects,/ Appl. Toxicol, 2010, 30, 627-643. 

Although various synthetic dmgs were developed to treat diabetes, but few number of dmgs is available for the treatment of this chronic pathology. In addition, about 200 pure compounds derived from plant sources are reported to exhibit blood glucose-lowering activity. The phytocompounds are known... 

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