Yttrium -chloride

III) nitrate 4-water (III) oxide (III) sulfate 8-water Yttrium chloride fluoride... 

In early 1828, Friedrich Wohler (1800—1882) obtained yttrium metal by reducing yttrium chloride with potassium (YCl + K —> 2KC1 + Y). He is also given credit for yttriums discovery. 

Yttrium chloride (YCfy decomposes at the relatively low temperature of 100°C. This makes it useful as a reagent in chemical laboratories. 

Intravenous administration of 1 mg of yttrium chloride to rats caused formation of colloidal material in blood plasma, which accumulated primarily in the liver and spleen causing injury to these organs. ... 

Application of a 0.1M solution of yttrium chloride to the eyes of rabbits caused no injury similar exposure of eyes from which the corneal epithelium had been removed resulted in immediate slight haziness of the cornea, which subsequently became opaque and vascularized. The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for yttrium and compounds is 1 mg/m as Y. 

Compounds Yttrium chloride yttrium nitrate yttrium oxide yttrium phosphate... 

Hirano S, Kodama N, Shibata K, et al Distribution, localization, and pulmonary effects of yttrium chloride following intratracheal instillation into the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 104 301-311, 1990... 

YC13 (aq.). Matignon7 measured the heat of solution of solid yttrium chloride. 

Y+++ (aq.). This value is obtained from that for aqueous yttrium chloride. 

Grillone, M.D., Benetollo, E, and Bombieri, G. (1991) The yttrium chloride-1,10-phenanthroline interaction synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of the complex [Y(0H)(H20)2(phen)2]2Cl4-2(phen)-Me0H. Polyhedron, 10,2171-2177. 

Carrier free in the form of yttrium chloride was obtained from Perkin-Elmer LAS (Belgium). Carrier free In in the form of indium chloride and 2 1 in the form of sodium iodide were obtained from Amersham (UK). Samarium-153 in the form of samarium chloride with a specific activity of 10-15 GBq/mg was obtained from the Nuclear Research Institute Rez pic (Czech Republic). 

Crystalline yttrium selenite was prepared and its enthalpy of dissolution in the solvent HCl(aq, 1 18.5), denoted sin, as well as the enthalpy of dissolution of selenious acid in the same solvent were determined. The enthalpy of dissolution in the medium of yttrium chloride, which is needed as an auxiliary datum, was not measured. The review has therefore estimated the enthalpy change of Reaction 3 in Table A-63 from dissolution data of YCl3(cr) in HCl(aq) in [88X1A/ZHU] and [970PP/EHR]. The evaluation also uses the mean value of the enthalpy of formation of YCl3(cr) in these references. 

The thermal decomposition of yttrium chloride hexahydrate in the presence of ammonium chloride has been studied. The dehydration of yttrium chloride monohydrate mixed with ammonium chloride was found to proceed at a lower temperature than the dehydration of the hexahydrate. The thermal decomposition of yttrium chloride hexahydrate in hydrogen chloride gave the penta-, tetra-, tri-, di-, and mono-hydrates of yttrium chloride and the anhydrous salts. In other media (air, vacuo) the dehydration of crystalline lower hydrates was accompanied by hydrolysis of the chloride and successive formation of Y(OH)Cl2, Y(OH)2Cl, and YOCl. The thermal stability of yttrium sulphate between 20 and 1500°C has been investigated. A thermographic and thermogravimetric study of the transformation of yttrium carbonate tetrahydrate by dehydration and thermal decomposition showed that residual water was only lost on decomposition. ... 

Solubility studies of yttrium chloride hexahydrate showed it to be increasingly soluble as the temperature of ethanol was raised from 20 to 60 °C. 

YClj, Yttrium chloride, 22 39 YN402C4,H)5, Yttrium, (2,4-pentanedion-... 

The process of combustion of materials enriched with yttrium seems to be a risk factor as a source of flammable dusts. Yttrium oxide, yttrium chloride, yttrium citrate, and certain other yttrium compounds may cause chronic pathological effects in different parts of the mammalian respiratory system, according to the results of experimental studies carried out in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Therefore, a higher risk for human health may be... 

---