Chromic chloride oxide

Induced dissolution is also a well known phenomenon and frequently applied in chemical analysis. To dissolve platinum easily it was suggested by Ropp that the sample should be alloyed with silver or copper, the alloys being easily soluble even in dilute acids. Anhydrous chromic chloride, insoluble in water and dilute acids, becomes easily soluble by adding metallic magnesium or zinc to the dilute acid . In this case the chromium(III) compound is reduced to chro-mium(II), which will be oxidized by the solvent to water-soluble chromium(III)... 

Chromic chloride, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 563t Chromic chromate, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 56 It Chromic fluoborate, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 563t Chromic fluoride, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 563t Chromic hydroxy dichloride, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 563t Chromic nitrate, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 563t Chromic oxide... 

Trivalent chromium compounds (Cr )(chromic compounds) including chromic oxide (Cr203), chromic sulfate (Ct2[S04]3), chromic chloride (CrCb), chromic potassium sulfate (KCr[S04]2), and chromite ore (FeOCdCr203). 

I n contrast to the relative simplicity of the chromyl chloride oxidation of 2,2-disubstituted-l-alkenes to aldehydes, the rlimmyl acetate and chromic acid oxidations generally lead to epoxides, acids, and carbon-carbon double bond cleavage. For example, chromyl acetate oxidizes 4,4-dimethyl-2-neopentyl-I pentene primarily to l,2-epoxy-4,4-dimethyl-2-neopentyl-pentane in low yield,9 and chromic acid oxidizes the alkene principally to 4,4-dimethyl-2-neopentylpentanoic acid.6,10... 

Chromic acetate (see Chromium and chromium compounds) Chromic chloride (see Chromium and chromium compounds) Chromic oxide see Chromium and chromium compounds) Chromic phosphate see Chromium and ehromium compounds) Chromite ore see Chromium and ehromium compounds) Chromium and chromium compounds see also Implants, surgical)... 

J. L. Gay Lussac and L. J. Thenard 5 showed in 1811 that if many of the metallic oxides be intimately mixed with carbon the reaction with chlorine proceeds more readily than with the oxide alone the metal chloride and carbon monoxide or dioxide are the products of the reaction. M. le Quesneville and F. Wohler used this process for aluminium chloride, chromic chloride, silicon tetrachloride, etc., and C. Baskerville for thorium tetrachloride. 

Aside from their extensive use in metaUacarborane chemistry, the dicarbollide anions are important intermediates in the synthesis of other carborane compounds. For example, aqueous ferric chloride oxidation of the [7,8-C2B9H1 L] anion results in the 10-vertex cage nido-5,6-C2BgH12 (118) and the aqueous chromic acid oxidation of [7,9-C2B9H1J yields rcz //0-l,3-C2B7H13 [17653-38-2] (29). 

According to A. Schrotter, the chromic chloride should be prepared as free as possible from oxide, and from water by heating it in a glass tube on an oil-bath until no more water is evolved. The tube is then cooled, and ammonia passed for a time. The tube is then heated, and ammonia passed until no more ammonium chloride is evolved. The cold mass is removed from the tube, crushed to small fragments, and again treated with ammonia. This operation is repeated several times. 

Methyl 4-chloro-2-butynoate has been prepared in 54% yield by treatment of 4-chloro-2-butynoic acid with 10% sulfuric acid in methanol. 4-Chloro-2-butynoic (chlorotetrolic) acid has been prepared in 40% yield by chromic acid oxidation of 4-chloro-2-butyn-l-ol (the latter obtained 1n 45% yield by the reaction of 2-butyne-l, 4-diol with thlonyl chloride) or in 85% yield by treatment of the lithium derivative of propargyl chloride with carbon... 

S-radical is a possible intermediate). Chlorine in tetrachloromethane gave the sulfenic acid chloride 10 which can the be transformed into the trisulfide 11 as well as many other derivatives. The sulfonic acid salt of 12 was prepared by chromic acid oxidation of 8 in 45% yield. Fusion with potassium hydroxide gave 2,4,6-triphenylphenol in 78% yield. 

SYNS CHLORURE de CHROMYLE (FRENCH) CHROMIC OXYCHLORIDE CHROMIUM CHLORIDE OXIDE CHROMIUM DICHLORIDE DIOXIDE CHROMIUM DIOXIDE DICHLORIDE CHROMIUM(VI) DIOXYCHLORIDE CHROMIUM OXYCHLORIDE CHROMOXYCHLORID (GERMAN) CHROMYLCHLOR-ID (GERMAN) CHROOMOXYLCHLORIDE (DUTCH) CROMILE, CLORURO di (ITALIAN) CROMO, OSSICLO-RURO di (ITALIAN) DICHLORODIOXOCHROMIUM DIOXODICHLOROCHROMIUM OXYCHLORURE CHROMIQUE (FRENCH)... 

Nitrosobenzene is readily synthesized by the chromic acid oxidation of /3-phenylhydroxylamine, which in turn is prepared by the reduction of nitrobenzene by the action of zinc dust and ammonium chloride (53%) The hydroxylamines need not be isolated. In other preparations, ferric chloride is employed as oxidant. ... 

Chromic Compounds. — The chromic chloride formed in Exp. 182 (c) illustrates the possibility of passing from a chromate to a chromic salt. Here the chromate was reduced. Conversely, Exp. 181 b) illustrates the formation of a chromate by the oxidation of a chromic compound. 

Experiment 183. — Add to a few cubic centimeters of potassium dichromate solution a little concentrated hydrochloric acid and a few drops of alcohol. Warm gently. Two important changes occur. The chromate is reduced to chromic chloride which colors the solution green the alcohol is oxidized to aldehyde, which is detected by its peculiar odor. (See Exp. in ( ).) The equation is —... 

Oxidation states of chromium - -2, - -3, and -f-6. Oi es of chromium chronate, FeCr204, and crocoite, PbCr04. Chromium metal and its alloys ferrochrome, alloy steels, stainless steel. The aluminothermic process (Goldschrtiidt process). Electrolytic chromium. Chromium trioxide, chromic acid, dichromic acid, potassium chromate, potassium didiromate, sodium chromate, lead chromate. Equilibrium between chromate ion and dichromate ion. Chrome-tanned leather. Chromic oxide (chrome green) chromic ion, chrome alum, chromic chloride, chromic hydroxide, chromite ion. Chromous compounds. Peroxy-chromic acid. 

The sesquioxide, Cr Oa, containing trivalent chromium, is an amphoteric oxide. It yields chromic salts, such as chromic chloride, CrCla, and sulphate, Cr2(S04)a, which are very stable and show great similarity to the ferric salts and to salts of aluminium as, for example, in the formation of alums. Since, however, chromic oxide functions as a weaker base than chromous oxide, the latter having a lower oxygen content, the chromic salts are more liable to hydrolysis than the chromous salts. This is well marked in the case of the chlorides. Again, in spite of the stability of chromic salts, only a slight tendency to form simple Cr " ions is exhibited, whilst complex ions are formed much more readily, not only complex anions, as in the case of iron and aluminium, but also complex cations, as in the extensive chromammine series. In this respect chromium resembles cobalt and platinum. 

An interesting form of isomerism, dependent on the formation of such cations, is exhibited by chromic salts, which usually exist in at least two modifications, the one green and the other violet or dark blue. In both varieties the chromium is in the same state of oxidation, but the non-metallic radicle, while apparently freely ionised in a violet solution, is only partly active in the green. Thus the chlorine in violet chromic chloride, CrQj.eHjO, is completely precipitated by the addition of a soluble silver salt, but in the ordinary green variety only one-third of See Vol. X. of this series. 

Colloidal Chromium Hydroxide.—The hydrosol is obtained as a deep greeir solution by the peptisation of the hydroxide by means of chromic chloride, or by a solution of copper oxide in ammonia. As already stated, the freshly precipitated hydroxide forms an apparently clear green solution with excess of an alkali hydroxide. That the chromic hydroxide is peptised and not dissoh ed is shown by the fact that it can be completely filtered out by means of a collodion, filter, leaving a colourless filtrate. The colloidal solution is stable while hot, but slowly yields a gel on keeping at ordinary temperatures. ... 

Both positively and negatively charged colloids have been prepared. The former results when the hydrated oxide is pejotised with chromic chloride, or may be formed by hydrolysis of the chloride or nitrate the latter is prepared by peptising the hydrous oxide with sodium or potassium hydroxide, or by adding sodium hydroxide to chromium nitrate solution in presence of arsenious acid and then dialysing. ... 

The dioxide is also formed by suitable reduction of chromates, for examjole, by means of sodium hyposulphite, alcohol, nitric oxide, or a mixture of nitric and oxalic acids or by interaction of chromic chloride and bleaching powder. ... 

Piperazine-2,3,5-trione has been prepared from aminoacetamide and diethyl oxalate in methanolic sodium methoxide (365b). Oxanilic acid (PhNHCOCOOH) refluxed with thionyl chloride gave 1,4-diphenylpiperazinetetraone (identical with authentic material obtained by chromic acid oxidation of 1,4-diphenylpiperazine-2,5-dione) (1640). Hydrolysis of 3,3,5,5,6,6-hexachloro-4-cyclohexyl-I-phenyl-piperazin-2-one by heating at 100° with aqueous acetic acid gave l-cyclohexyl-4-phenylpiperazinetetraone (probably) (853). 

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