Chromatography of lipids

Evershed, R.P. (1992a). Gas chromatography of lipids. In Lipid Analysis A Practical Approach, ed. Hamilton, R.J. and Hamilton, S., IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 113-151. 

Table D2.2.1 Troubleshooting Guide for Headspace Chromatography of Lipid Oxidation Products... 

Table D2.2.1 lists a number of problems that might arise in headspace chromatography of lipid oxidation products, along with their possible causes and solutions.

TC Markello, J Guo, WA Gahl. High performance liquid chromatography of lipids for the identification of human metabolic diseases. Anal Biochem 198 368-373, 1991. 

Padley, F.B., Thin-Layer Chromatography of Lipids, paper presented at the Thin-Layer Chromatography Proceedings Symposium, Rome 1963, 87 (published in 1964). 

Volume 37 Chromatography of Lipids in Biomedical Research and Clinical Diagnosis edited by A. Kuksis... 

Some 40 years ago in the halcyon days of study of the then new technique of silicic acid column chromatography of lipids, it was apparent to several investigators that there were nitrogen-free phospholipids in these samples. Also, these unique, acidic phospholipids did not contain inositol. In the usual protocol, lipids were applied to a silicic acid column in a nonpolar solvent such as hexane (or petroleum ether, b.p. 30-60°C), and elution continued with increasing amounts of diethyl ether. These solvent mixtures would elute the... 

Day 2 Thin-Layer Chromatography of Lipids, Quantitative Cholesterol Assay, Folin-Ciocalteau Assay, and Preparation for Phosphate Assay... 

The identification of individual classes of fatty acids has relied on the use of gas chromatography (GC), equipped with a flame ionization detector. Lipids are sapoiufled after extraction and the fatty acids converted to methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are separated using GC. The use of standards ahowed for the identification of individual species of fatty acids based on retention time. The method is quite sensitive and permits the quantification of fatty acid species. The mode of detection has been enhanced with the use of mass spectrometry (MS), which allows for the detection and quantification of unknowns, thus increasing the utility of these methods. The Lipid Library section on the gas chromatography of lipids http //www.lipidlibrary.co.uk/GCJipid/01 intro/index. htm) provides a comprehensive description of these methods. 

Nikolova-Damyanova, B. Silver Ion Chromatography of Lipids. In Advances of Lipid Methodology—One Christie, W.W., Ed. The Oily Press Ltd. Ayr, 1992 181-237. 

Beise, U. Paper chromatography of lipids from sound and vims infected plants Phytopath. Zeitsch. 49 (1963) 29-40. Beisenherz, W. Rapidly labeled RNA in heterotrophi-cally cnltnred tissnes of Nicotiana tabacum-, Z. Natnrforsch. 27B (1972) 1205-1215. 

A. Kuksis and ]. J. Myher, in Chromatography of Lipids in Biomedical Research and Clinical Diagnosis, A. Kuksis (Editor), J. Chromatogr. Library, Vol. 37, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987), pp. 1-47. 

Dobson, G., Christie, W. W. and Nikolova-Damyanova, B. (1995) Silver ion chromatography of lipids and fatty acids. Journal of Chromatography Biomedical Applications, 671, 197-222. 

Mangold, H. K. (1961) Thin layer chromatography of lipids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 38, 708-27. 

Morris, L. J. and Nichols, B. (1972) Argentation thin-layer chromatography of lipids, in Progress in Thin-layer Chromatography, Related Methods (ed. A. Niederwieser), Ann Arbor-Humphrey Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 74-93. 

Shukla, V.K.S. (1995) Thin-layer chromatography of lipids, in New Trends in Lipid and Lipoprotein Analyses (eds J. L. Sebedio and E. G. Perkins), AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp. 17-23. 

Christie, W. W. (1992b) Detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography of lipids with special reference to evaporative light-scattering detection, in Advances in Lipid Methodology -One (ed. W. W. Christie), The Oily Press, Ayr, pp. 239-71. 

II. Thin-Layer Chromatography of Lipids 1. Separation of Lipids According to Compound Class... 

Stationary Phase. Dow Corning200 Fluid, 10 cs (Firm 49). A silicone oil which has been of value in the paper chromatography of lipids, can be used to render silica gel 6 or kieselguhr G layers hydrophobic [114, 168]. Other hydrophobic impregnation agents are hydrocarbons such as undecane [78] (Firm 68), tetradecane [82] (Firms 58, 68) and mixtures of high molecular weight paraffins [4, 81] (Firms 68, 88). 

Most of the solvent mixtures used in paper chromatography of lipids are suitable for TLC on hydrophobic layers. Triglycerides and other feebly polar lipid classes can be fractionated on the basis of chain length and number of double bonds by using acetic acid or acetonitrile containing 1 — 10% water [4, 121, 124, 168] other good solvents are chloroform-methanol-water (25 + 75 + 5) [78, 121] and mixtures of acetonitrile with acetone or butanone (30 + 70) [78, 80, 81, 85]. Mixtures of acetic acid or acetonitrile with 10—50% water are employed for separating more polar lipids like alcohols [78, 114, 125, 168]. 

Fried, B., and Sherma, J. (1990). Thin layer chromatography of lipids found in snails (Gastropoda Mollusca). J. Planar Chromatogr.—Mod. TLC 3 290-299. 

Kupke, I. R., and Zeugner, S. (1978). Quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography of lipids in plasma and liver homogenates after direct application of 0.5 pi samples to the silica gel layer. J. Chromatogr. 146 261-271. 

Snyder, F. (1971). The chemistry, physical properties and chromatography of lipids containing ether bonds. In Progress in Thin-Layer Chromatography and Related Methods, Vol. II. A. Niederwieser and G. Pataki (Eds.). Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Ml, pp. 105-141. 

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