Chromatographic methods for residue

Cassil CC, Stanovick RP, Cook RF. 1969. A specific gas chromatographic method for residues of organic nitrogen pesticides. Residue Rev 26 63-87. 

Ruggedness testing of a gas chromatographic method for residual solvents in steroids [16]... 

G. Wynia, P. Post, J. Broersen and F. Maris, Ruggedness testing of a gas chromatographic method for residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances, Chromatographia, 39(5/6) (1994) 355-362. 

Extraction or dissolution almost invariably will cause low-MW material in a polymer to be present to some extent in the solution to be chromatographed. Solvent peaks interfere especially in trace analysis solvent impurities also may interfere. For identification or determination of residual solvents in polymers it is mandatory to use solventless methods of analysis so as not to confuse solvents in which the sample is dissolved for analysis with residual solvents in the sample. Gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of some low-boiling substances in the manufacture of polyester polymers have been reviewed [129]. The contents of residual solvents (CH2C12, CgHsCI) and monomers (bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyl sulfone) in commercial polycarbonates and polysulfones were determined. Also residual monomers in PVAc latices were analysed by GC methods [130]. GC was also... 

Szathmary and Luhmann [50] described a sensitive and automated gas chromatographic method for the determination of miconazole in plasma samples. Plasma was mixed with internal standard l-[2,4-dichloro-2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzyloxy) phenethyl]imidazole and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted with heptane-isoamyl alcohol (197 3) and the drug was back-extracted with 0.05 M sulfuric acid. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 10 and extracted with an identical organic phase, which was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in isopropanol and subjected to gas chromatography on a column (12 m x 0.2 mm) of OV-1 (0.1 pm) at 265 °C, with nitrogen phosphorous detection. Recovery of miconazole was 85% and the calibration graph was rectilinear for 0.25 250 ng/mL. 

Reeves and Woodham [83] have described a gas chromatographic method for the determination of Methomyl (S-methyl-N-(methyl carbamoyl)oxy thioacetimidate) insecticide in sediments. The residues were extracted with dichloromethane, and the extracts were purified on a column of Florisil. The purified and concentrated extracts were then examined by gas chromatography. The limits of detection were 0.05mg kg-1 and the recoveries were 91%. 

Szeto et al. [97] have described a simple gas chromatographic method for the determination of Acephate and Methamidophos residues in sediments. 

Table I. Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Tissue, Milk, and Eggs...

Table II. Chromatographic Methods for Detection of B-lactam Antibiotic Residues in Foods...

Although a number of chromatographic methods have been reported for determinations of aminoglycoside antibiotics in blood serum and urine, the application of chromatographic methods to residue analysis has been very limited. Shaikh et al (93) recently described an HPLC method for neomycin in animal tissue, and Lachatre et al (94) described a method for nine aminoglycosides in plasma, urine, and renal cortex tissue. Both procedures use post column derivatization with a-pthalaldehyde and fluorescence detection. 

Bauer CF, Koza SM, Jenkins TF, et al. 1990. Liquid chromatographic method for determination of explosives residues in soil Collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 73 541-552. 

Simeonidou et al. (238) reported an ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the determination of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline residues in chicken muscle. According to this method, a 3 g ground tissue sample is extracted with 30 ml chloroform. Following centrifugation the supernatant is filtered and a 10 ml aliquot is extracted with 1 ml 3N hydrochloric acid and submitted to precolumn derivatization with fluorescamine. Liquid chro-... 

Fletouris et al. (297) described a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues in milk. According to... 

In a different approach, Cooper et al. (305) developed an online metal chelate affinity chromatography-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline, and chlortetracycline residues in animal tissues and egg. According to this method, a 2 g blended egg or thinly sliced tissue is homogenized with citrate buffer pH 5 (pH 4, for chicken... 

Extensive literature reviews (554, 555) have indicated that almost all reported analytical methods for the analysis of diuretics employ liquid chromatography. Most of these methods are limited, however, to assaying diuretics in urine and plasma. With the exception of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of furosemide, another one for chlormethiazide, and a third method for chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide residues in bovine milk, no chromato-... 

Bunyatyants, Z.V., Sukiasyan, A.G Gnusina, S.A. (1976) Chromatographic method for determining the residual monomer in chloroprene latexes. Prom.-St. Sint. Kauch., 5, 13-15 (in Russian) [Chem. Abstr.. 85, 193871]... 

D Decolin, P Leroy, A Nicolas, P Archimbault. Hyphenated liquid chromatographic method for the determination of colistin residues in bovine tissues. J Chromatogr Sci 35 557-564, 1997. 

TR Nelsen, RF Cook. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of carbofuran residues in soil and water. J Agric Food Chem 27 1186-1188, 1979. 

Roughan et al. [3] has described a gas chromatographic method for carrying out this analysis in which the soil is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution and then treated with ethanol prior to evaporation to dryness. After muffling, the residue is digested with sulfuric acid and to this solution is added to acetonitrile and ethylene oxide ... 

The UK Panel on Fumigant Residues in Grain [58] have developed an electron capture gas chromatographic method for the determination of volatile fumigants such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and other chloroaliphatic compounds down to 6 mg/kg of carbon tetrachloride in fumigated wheat, and maize was determined by this method. 

Gauer et al. [4] described a gas chromatographic method for the determination of the residues of tricyclohexylhydroxystannane and its dicyclohexyl metabolite on strawberries, apples and grapes that have been treated with Pictran miticide. Crop samples were treated with aqueous hydrobromic acid to form bromo derivatives of the organotin compounds, and these derivatives were extracted into benzene. When the residue levels were less than 1 pg/1, the... 

J. E. Haky and T. M. Stickney, Automated gas chromatographic method for the determination of residual solvents in bulk pharmaceuticals, J. Chromatogr., 321 137 (1985). 

Goncharova and Khomenko [339] have described a column chromatographic method for the determination of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in seawater and thin layer chromatographic methods for determining lactic, aconitic, malonic, oxalic, tartaric, citric and malic acids. The pH of the sample is adjusted to 8-9 with sodium hydroxide solution. It is then evaporated almost to dryness at 50-60°C and the residue washed on a filter paper with water acidified with hydrochloric acid. The pH of the resulting solution is adjusted to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid (1 1), the organic acids are extracted into butanol, then back-extracted into sodium hydroxide solution this solution is concentrated to 0.5-0.7ml, acidified, and the acids separated on a chromatographic column. 

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