Chondrocyte signaling

Introduction Biology of Osteoblasts Biology of Chondrocytes Signaling... 

Yoon, D. M. and Fisher, J. P. 2007. Chondrocyte signaling and artificial matrices for articular cartilage engineering. Tissue Engineering, 67-86. 

Keywords— Osteoarthritis, knee biomechanics, chondrocyte signaling, muscle weakness, live cell imaging. 

After mRNA splicing, the tropoelastin mRNA is translated at the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a variety of cells smooth muscle cells, endothelial and microvascular cells, chondrocytes and fibroblasts. The approximately 70 kDa precursor protein (depending on isoform) is synthesized with an N-terminal 26-amino-acid signal peptide. This nascent polypeptide chain is transported into the lumen of the RER, where the signal peptide is removed cotranslationally [9]. 

The mechanism of G a disease may resnlt from insnfficient parathyroid hormone-related peptide signaling by the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHRl) in chondrocytes. This deficiency may inhibit the differentiation of chondrocytes within the endochondral growth plate (88,89). A variety of parathyroid hormone abnormalities can result. 

Figure 5. Runx2 immrmohistochemical expression is visible in coagulating cells in E14 (a) and the positive reaction is also detected at the sheath of condylar cells in E17 (b) in IHC. Expression of Runx2 mRNA appear in the cytoplasm of proliferating chondrocytes in E14 (c) and the gene signals are throughout most all layers in E18 (d) in ISH.

Hung CH, Henshaw DR, Wang CC-B, Mauck RL, Raia F, Palmer G, Chao P-HG, Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Valhmu WB. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in bovine articular chondrocytes in response to fluid flow does not require calcium mobilization. J Biomech. 2001 33 73-80. 

Li WQ, Dehnade F, Zafarullah M (2001) Oncostatin M-induced matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 genes expression in chondrocytes requires Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway. J Immunol 166 3491-3498... 

St-Jacques, B., Hammerschmidt, M., McMahon, A.P. 1999. Indian hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for bone formation. Genes Dev. 13, 2072-2086. 

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