Knee biomechanics

Andriacchi T.P., Stanwyck T.S., and Galante J.O. 1986. Knee biomechanics in total knee replacement. /. Arthroplasty 1 211. 

Jones, P.L., Kerwin, D.C., Irwin, C., and Nokes, L.D.M., Three dimensional analysis of knee biomechanics when landing on natural turf and football turf. /. Med. Biol. Eng., pp. 184-188,2009. 

Keywords— Osteoarthritis, knee biomechanics, chondrocyte signaling, muscle weakness, live cell imaging. 

Abu Osman NA, Spence WD, Solomonidis SE, Paul JP, Weir AM (2010) The patellar tendon bar Is it a necessary feature 32 760-765. Guess TM, Thiagarajan G, Kia M, Mishra M (2010) A subject specific multibody model of the knee with menisci. Med Eng Phys 32 505-515. Pena E, Calvo B, Martinez MA, Palanca D, Doblare M (2005) Finite element analysis of the effect of meniscal tears and meniscectomies on human knee biomechanics. Clin Biomech 20 498-507. 

FIGURE 1.19 Example of fabric strain gauge for determining knee flexion such devices can be used in sports training, biomechanics studies, and rehabilitation. 

The prosthesis for total knee joint replacement consists of femoral, tibial, and patellar components. Compared to the hip joint, the knee joint has a more complicated geometry and movement biomechanics, and it is not intrinsically stable. In a normal knee, the center of movement is controlled by the geometry of the ligaments. As the knee moves, the ligaments rotate on their bony attachments and the center of movement also moves. The eccentric movement of the knee helps distribute the load throughout the entire joint surface [Burstein and Wright, 1993]. 

Iseki F. and Tomatsu T. 1976. The biomechanics of the knee joint with special reference to the contact area. Keio. /. Med. 25 37. 

Seedhom, B.B., Longton, E.B., Dowson, D., and Wright, V. Biomechanics background in the design of total replacement knee prosthesis. Acta Orthop. Belgica Tome 39, Ease 1,164-180,1973. 

This chapter contains four main sections covering TKA and, where applicable, UKA. The first section reviews the biomechanical considerations of knee arthroplasty that distinguish it from hip replacement. The second section describes the survivorship of TKA and UKA, and outlines measures of clinical performance for UHMWPE in knee arthroplasty. The third section is devoted to wear and osteolysis in TKA. In the final section of this chapter, alternatives to metal-on-conventional UHMWPE articulation for knee arttiroplasty are described. 

Surprisingly, consistent conclusions are reached using more complex biomechanical models of the knee (Amstutz et al. 1998, Davy and Audu 1987, Olney and Winter 1985, Patriarco et al. 1981, Rohrle et al. 1984), as well as by... 

Bessier, T. F. (2000). Examination of neuromuscular and biomechanical mechanisms of non-contact knee ligament injuries, doctoral dissertation. University of Western Australia. 

Grood, E. S., and Suntay, W. J. (1983). A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions application to the knee, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 105 136-144. 

Shiavi, R., Limbird, T., Frazer, M., Stivers, K., Strauss, A., and Abramovitz J. (1987). Helical motion analysis of the knee—I. Methodology for studying kinematics during locomotion, Journal of Biomechanics, 20(5) 459-469. 

Weidenhielm, L., Svensson, O. K., and Brostrom, L-A. (1995). Change of Adduction Moment About the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Joints After High Tibial Osteotomy in Osteoarthrosis of the Knee, Clinical Biomechanics, 7 177-180. 

Both agonist and antagonist muscles contribute (unequally) to the net torque developed about a joint In fact, for any given joint in the body, there are many more muscles crossing the joint than there are dof prescribing joint movement llie knee, for example, has at most 6 dof, yet there are at least 14 muscles that actuate this joint One consequence of this arrangement is that the force developed by each muscle carmot be determined uniquely. Specifically, there are more unknown musculotendinous actuator forces than net actuator torques exerted about the knee that is, m > n in Eq. (6.9), which means that the matrix of muscle moment arms is not square and therefore not invertible. This is the so-called indeterminate problem in biomechanics, and virtually all attempts to solve it are based on the aj Ucation of optimization theory (see also the Qiap. 5 by Manal and Buchanan). 

Pantfy, M. G., and Sasaki, K. (1998). A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the human knee joint Part II Analysis of ligamem functitm. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 1 265-283. 

Shelburne, K. B., and Pandy, M. G. (1997). A musculoskeletal model of the knee for evaluating ligament forces during isometric contractions, Journal of Biomechanics, 30 163-176. 

J. Hughes (1970), Below-knee amputation Biomechanics, Prosthetic and Orthotic Practice 61-68. 

J. L. Van Leeuwen, L. A. W. Speth, H. A. Daanen (1990), Shock absorption of below-knee piostheses A comparison between the SACH and Multiflex foot, J. Biomechanics 23(5) 441-446. 

M. Nissan (1977), A simplified model for the short-below-knee stump, J. Biomechanics 10 651-658. 

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