Chondrocyte implantation

Gobbi, A., Kon, E., Berruto, M., Filardo, G., Delcogliano, M., Boldrini, L., Bathan, L., Marcacci, M., 2009. Patellofemoral full-thickness chondral defects treated with second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation results at 5 years follow-up. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, 1083-1092. 

Schneider, U., Rackwitz, L., Andereya, S., Siebenlist, S., Fensky, R, Reichert, J., Loer, L, Barthel, T., Rudert, M., Noth, U., 2011. A prospective multicenter study on the outcome of type I collagen hydrogel-based autologous chondrocyte implantation (CaReS) for the repair of articular cartilage defects in the knee. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 39, 2558-2565. 

EDI), and water to produce a group of biodegradable PU foams. The interconnected pores varied in size from 10 to 2 mm in diameter. Rabbit bone-marrow stromal cells cultured on the materials for up to 30 days formed multilayers of confluent cells and were phenotypically similar to those grown on tissue culture PS. It supported the adherence and proliferation of both bone-marrow stromal cells and chondrocytes in vitro. In subdermal implants the investigators found that the material showed infiltration of both vascular cells and connective tissue. 

The search for new and effective treatment modalities requires the availability of adequate screening tests. Although no model adequately reflects the events that occur in human arthritic conditions, several in vivo and in vitro assays are used. The most common in vivo animal assays measure the ability of anti-inflammatory drugs to inhibit edema induced in the rat paw by carrageenan (a mucopolysaccharide derived from a sea moss of the Chondrus species), to inhibit adjuvant arthritis in rats induced by Mycobacterium butyricum or M. tuberculosis, to inhibit granuloma formation usually induced by the implantation of a cotton pellet beneath the abdominal skin of rats, or to inhibit erythema of guinea pig skin as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In vitro techniques include the ability of NSAIDs to stabilize erythrocyte membranes or, more commonly, to inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, particularly in cultured human synoviocytes and chondrocytes, and monocyte culture fluid stimulated bovine synoviocytes and chondrocytes. 

---