Choice of Location

Traditionally, companies have sought to acquire competitive advantage over their rivals through their choice of location. In a historical context, firms tended to establish their factories for reasons of economic geography, e.g. ... 

Where the process is a labor intensive, low-cost workers are required in numbers (for example, textiles and clothing). The cost of capital has little effect on the choice of location as capital sources can be from anywhere. The ability, however, to repatriate profits and the proceeds from the sales of assets and exposure to foreign exchange risk are important if the location options are abroad. This factor becomes more relevant, the greater the capital intensity of the project. 

Japanese investors in overseas manufacturing operations have been careful in their approach as well as in their choice of location. It is notable that the United States has received more than its share of Japanese investment in terms of population. An important factor here is language, as English is the most commonly spoken foreign language in Japan. 

Probably the ultimate factor behind the choice of location is the influence key personnel can bring to bear on the decision. Project success largely depends on people, especially those at the top. With limited options on the person and/or team to lead the project s implementation, their location preference could be final. 

Kirk-Smith, M. and Booth, D.A. (1980) Effects of androstenone on choice of location in others presence. In H. van der Starre (Ed), Olfaction and Taste VII. IRL Press, London, pp. 397-400. 

The symposium upon which this book is based was organized by the Pesticide Chemistry Division to address the problem of exposure to pesticides. The choice of location of the symposium was the ACS National Meeting initially planned for San Francisco, California in August 1980, which was appropriate in view of the considerable agricultural interest within the state. The major concerns were the problems of measurement, monitoring, and safety in relation to the question of worker exposure and its many implications. 

As explained above, surface excess concentrations are defined relative to an arbitrarily chosen dividing surface. A convenient (and seemingly realistic) choice of location of this surface for a binary solution is that at which the surface excess concentration of the solvent (rA) is zero. The above expression then simplifies to... 

All crop production, except protected cropping (for example, glasshouse, plastic covered), is vulnerable to the weather. Measures to combat frost and drought are common to most kinds of crop production wind protection (by shelter belts and so on) is practised for only a few crops (e.g. top fruit). In general, apart from choice of location, little can be done about solar radiation, rainfall or temperature. Problems with weeds, pests and diseases are also common to all crops but the remedies available to organic producers are much more limited than for conventional farmers. 

Figure 2.17 illustrates that we must lie somewhere on the hyperbolic line in the zA - zB plane. At any position on one of the constant reactor volume lines, the production rate is constant. The concentrations fed to the separation section vary with our choice of location on this curve. For large zA and small zs, the recycle of A (D2) is large. For large zB and small zA, the recycle of B (B ) is large. 

Conformational arguments relative to the structure of ajaconine have shown that A/B-trans stereochemistry is present in atisine (25). Differentiation between isomers L and LI in which a trans-anti backbone is present, involves the choice of locating the allylic alcohol group on the trans (with respect to nitrogen) (isomer L) or cis branch (isomer LI) of the... 

The sampling effort was inadequate to the task of establishing the level or pattern of contamination. In effect, too few samples were taken and the choice of location... 

As mentioned above, tests to determine the corrosion resistance of materials in industrial corrosive media can be performed in the laboratory, in pilot plants, and in existing production plants. With regard to the choice of locations for specimens, bear in mind that reactors and other apparatus may be attacked differentially by the liquid and vapor phase of the corrosive agent and at the three-phase interface of the liquid, vapor, and material. As a rule, therefore, material specimens must be exposed at each of these phases. Corrosion testing principles are described in well-known standards (ASTM G 4-84 1984 ASTM G 31-72 1985 ASTM G 78-83 1983 ASTM G 30-79 1964 ASTM G 38-73 1984). 

Kirk-Smith, M.D., and D.A. Booth Effect of Androstenone on Choice of Location in Other s Presence. Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Olfaction and Taste, p. 397-400 (1980). 

Archaeological Surveys. The first step in conducting any archaeological investigation is to identify and take stock of the location in which the study will be held. This is known as a survey. The choice of location can be determined in several ways. Documentary sources, such as old maps or other written materials, can sometimes be used to accurately discover the location of an archaeological site. For example, clues in the writings of the ancient Greek poet... 

We have covered a quick review of the electric boosting and melting equipment and design from our prospective. There are certainly significantly more criteria for the choices of location, power requirements, and control. The particular application and customer desired benefits must be provided and closely studied to provide the most efficient and cost effective system. 

Like the waste tips, the settling ponds must also be incorporated into the restored landscape. The choice of location for these features can be an important factor in this connection. Natural depressions in the ground, hollows or old quarry workings can suitably be used for the purpose. 

The building materials industry, including the cement industry, uses raw materials which, generally speaking, are extracted rather close to the surface of the ground. These materials are found in relatively limited quantities in particular localities and can be economically transported only over fairly short distances. The choice of location for the processing plant (cement works) is therefore directly bound up with the location of the quarrying area. 

Mines There is not much choice of locations of mines because they must be placed exactly where the desired minerals are found. However, an evaluation of the geosphere at the location of a mine can be used to determine its construction. A major issue in designing a mine is the choice between an underground mine and an open pit. The type of mine construction depends strongly on the type and stability of the earthen material that must be excavated. Water infiltration from groundwater sources is a very important consideration and may require elaborate measures for pumping and drainage. Especially for coal mines, the potential for the infiltration of explosive methane must be known. Also important is the consideration of locations for the placement of mine spoils (wastes). 

The choice of location can affect the test results. Characterisation and use of an habitual testing site is important in order to improve reproducibility and compare different test materials. It is also important to keep records of the environmental conditions during all the testing. 

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