Chlortetracycline analysis

Immunochemical methods have been developed and placed on the market to analyze tetracycline residues (see Table 4). Thus, a qualitative EIA has been developed and used to analyze tetracyclines in honey samples with a detection level of 20 pg/kg-1 [96]. A microplate-based indirect ELISA has been developed to analyze tetracyclines using polyclonal antibodies. The assay could measure tetracycline in the range between 0.1 and 6 ng mL L Other tetracycline antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, rolitetracycline, or minocycline are also highly recognized in this assay [98]. Several immunoassay kits are commercially available for the analysis of tetracyclines although, to our knowledge, none of them... 

An important area of direct biochemical interference is that caused by fluorescent or fluorescent quenching materials in the blood or urine after the administration of a drug. These interferences may be observed during catecholamine analysis in urine from patients receiving -methyldopa, tetracyclines, chlortetracyclines, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, chlorpro-mazine, or quinidine (A2, G5). 

W. Najdong, J. De Beer, X. Marcelis, P. Derese, J. H. M. C. B. Miller, and J. Hoogmartens, Collaborative study of the analysis of chlortetracycline hydrochloride by liquid chromatography on polystryrene divinyl benzene packing materials, J. Pharm. Bio-med. Anal., 10 199 (1992). 

TLC has been used for the impurity analysis of ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, chlor-promazine, trifluoropromazine, doxepine, alprazolam, omeprazole, pantoprazole, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline [35 1] other examples can be found in the work of Ferenczi-Fodor et al. [42],... 

With the differential pulse polarography [245], the antibiotics can be determined at low concentration, if necessary, at the ppm or even sub-ppm level. Tetracycline hydrochloride is determined in aqueous acetate buffer pH 4 (detection limit 0.1 ppm), but for the analysis of chlortetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and free tetracycline, a non-aqueous medium must be used. Streptomycin sulphate is analysed in alkaline solution, trace quantities of zinc being masked by Na2EDTA, and the detection limit is 1 ppm. A determination in blood serum or urine is also possible but the peak potentials are shifted here to more negative values. The polarographic determination is preceded by ultrafiltration. Penicillin G potassium and ampicillin must be first functionalised by nitrosation. The authors also recommend an analysis of mixtures which is however demonstrated only with chloramphenicol and tetracycline, at 2.4 and 4.2 ppm, respectively. 

Figure 14.8 LC-ESI-MS chromatogram in time-scheduled SIM mode for the analysis of milk spiked with 25 pg/kg of tetracyclines. Peaks MC=minocycline, TC=tetracycline, OTC=oxytetracycline, CTC=chlortetracycline, and DC=doxy-cycline. Reprinted from [15] with permission. 2002, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Croubles, S. Baeyens, W. Van Peteghem, C. Evaluation of a narrow-bore HPLC column for trace level analysis of tetracyclines-a comparison with a conventional column. Biomed.Chromatogr., 1995, 9, 251-253 [simultaneous chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, oxytetracycline]... 

Goto et al. " described a simple, rapid, and simultaneous analysis method for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, penicillin G, ampicillin, and nafcillin in meat using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were homogenized with water followed by a centrifugal ultrafiltration after addition of internal standards (demeclocycline, penicillin G-ds, ampicillin-fi 5, and... 

AO AC, Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline in edible animal tissues, 995.09, in Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. (revised), AO AC International, Gaithersburg, MD (available at http //www.eoma.aoac.org/gate way/readFile. asp id=995 09. pdf accessed 3/24/10). 

Molecular inclusion was demonstrated by the aqueous solubilization and UV and fluorescence analysis of the guest dyes phenol blue (8), pinacyanol chloride (9). chlortetracycline (10).and naphthalene (11).Fluorescence lifetime decay experiments using 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (12) as the probe further supported the host-guest relationship while electron microscopy (EM) coirobo-rated the single molecule, non-aggregated state. Calculated molecular modeling diameters o/48 A in a fully extended conformation were also substantiated via EM. 

Zhu, J., Snow, D.D., Cassada, D.A., Monson, S.J., and Spalding, R.F. (2001) Analysis of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 928, 177-186. 

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