Chloropicrin bromide

Methyl bromide is sold both as the essentially pure compound, 99.5% minimum, with not more than 0.010% water and 0.001% acidity as HBr, and with small amounts of chloropicrin [76-06-2], CCI2NO2. During 1992 methyl bromide in tank cars was priced at 1.70/kg. Methyl bromide is suppHed in 37,850- and 60,560-L tank cars and in 12,220-L ISO cylinders. Repackagers supply methyl bromide in 0.45 kg or 0.68 kg cans for such appHcations as fumigating tobacco seed beds. Alone or in formulations, it is classified as a poison, class B, and requires a poison label. 

Pure propargyl bromide will dccomp violently or detonate at temps as low as 220° (Ref 2). Liq propargyl bromide is easily ignited by impact from such possible sources as water hammer or accidental pressurization of the accelerated liq (Ref 3). Tests at the BuMines showed a mixt of chloropicrin and propargyl bromide to be shock sensitive (Ref 3)... 

During a decanting operation of chloropicrin/propargyl bromide insecticide mixture, a very violent detonation took place when it came into contact with a pump that heated up accidentally. Note that this risk seems rather obvious since propargyl bromide (see NFRA stability code 4 see also halogen derivatives ) is as unstable as chloropicrin. 

P.M. Jeffers and N.L. Wolfe, Hydrolysis of methyl bromide, ethyl bromide, chloropicrin, 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, and other halogenated hydrocarbons, in Fumigants Environmental Fate, Exposure, and Analysis, ed. J.N. Seiber, J.A. Knuteson, J.E. Woodrow, N.L. Wolfe, M.V. Yates, and S.R. Yates, ACS Symposium Series No. 652, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 32-41 (1997). 

Castro CE, Belser NO. 1981. Photohydrolysis of methyl bromide and chloropicrin. J Agric Food Chem 29 1005-1008. 

Berck B. 1962. Polarographic determination of methyl bromide, ethyl dibromide, acrylonitrile, chloropicrin, and carbon tetrachloride in air. J Agric Food Chem 10 158-162. 

Preventol CMK, see p-Chloro-/n-cresol Preventol I, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Priltox, see Pentachlorophenol Primary amyl acetate, see Amyl acetate Primary isoamyl alcohol, see Isoamyl alcohol Primary isobutyl alcohol, see Isoamyl alcohol Prioderm, see Malathion Prist, see Methyl cellosolve Profume A, see Chloropicrin Profume R 40B1, see Methyl bromide Prokarbol, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol... 

Hydracrylic acid, see p-Propiolactone Hydrazobenzene, see Aniline Hydriodic acid, see Methyl iodide Hydrobromic acid, see Bromodichloromethane, Bromoform, Methyl bromide, Metobromuron Hydrochloric acid, see Alachlor. Aldrin, Benzyl chloride, a-BHC, p-BHC, Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether, Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, Bromacil. Bromodichloromethane, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroethane, Chloroform, o-Chloronitrobenzene. Chloropicrin, Chloroprene, p-Chloronitrobenzene, 2,4-D, see Dalanon-sodium. p.p -DDD, p,p -DDT, Dicamba. 1,1-Dichloroethane, 1,1-Dichloroethylene, fratts-l,2-Dichloroethylene, s/m-Dichloromethyl ether, 2.3-Dichloronitrobenzene. 3.4-Dichloronitrobenzene. 1,2-Dichloropropane, cis-1,3-... 

Methanetrisulfonic acid, see Chloropicrin Methanol, see Acetic acid. Acetone. Acrylonitrile. Alachlor. 1-Butene, Dimethyl phthalate. Dimethyl sulfate. Formaldehyde. Methyl bromide. Methylene chloride. Methyl formate. Methyl methacrylate. Methyl mercaptan, 2-Methylpropene, Mevinphos, Nitromethane... 

In general, solvency of beeswax is better correlated with nematocidal efficacy than is solvency of cholesterol. All outstanding nematocides dissolve or emulsify beeswax at 25 C. in proportions of 1 5 to 1 10. However, the action is not identical, though the minimum amoimt of solvent may be the same. Thus 1,3-dichloropropene, allyl bromide, and chloropicrin are emulsifiers, while carbon disulfide dissolves, forming a clear solution and ethylene bromide clears the beeswax as it dissolves. Herein may be the answer to divergent actions of compounds with similar constants. A small change in temperature causes 1,3-dichloropropene and allyl bromide to form clear solutions, which again become cloudy when the temperature is reduced. 

Baxter, G.P., Bezzenberger, F.K., Wilson, C.H. (1920) The vapor pressures of certain substances Chloropicrin, cyanogen bromide, methyl-dichloro-arsine, phenyl-dichloro-arsine, diphenyl-chloro-arsine and arsenic trichloride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 42, 1386-1393. 

Chlorinated hydrocarbon Insecticides Fumigants DDT, Dieldrin, BHC, Aldrin, Endrin Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene CCI4 Acrylonitrite, Chloropicrin, Methyl bromide, Trichloroethane... 

Most of the nematocides marketed are halogenated hydrocarbons. They are either saturated organic halides, such as methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and dibromochloropropane, or unsaturated organic halides, such as dichloropropene and dibromobutene. Among the nematocides, a few exceptions to this class of compounds are chloropicrin, a thiocarbamate (Vapam), two organophosphates (V-C 13 and Zino-phos), and a thiadiazine (Mylone). 

Methyl bromide, CH3Br (boiling point 4.5°C)—Methyl bromide is a gaseous fumigant used both in the soil and on commodities. In the soil, it is used for preplant soil fumigation with chloropicrin to control nematodes, insects, and fungi. Its use was banned in 2005, except for "critical use" exemptions, because it is an ozone depleter. Methyl bromide has an oral LD50 in rats of 100 mg/kg. 

Dichloropropene, methyl iodide, chloropicrin, dazomet, and metam-sodium are potential alternatives after the phaseout of methyl bromide. However, methyl bromide has shown to be difficult to replace because of its low cost and effectiveness against a wide variety of pests. 

Cyanogen bromide. Monochloromethyl chloroformate Chloropicrin. Dichloroethyl sulphide Chloroacetophenone... 

By the action of potassium bromide on chloropicrin, tribromo nitromethane or bromopicrin is obtained, together with carbon tetrabromide, nitromethane, etc. 

Unlike cyanogen chloride, the bromide is not miscible with dichloroethyl sulphide, but reacts with it. It is, however, miscible with chloropicrin. 

It has been found that while the aliphatic arsines and phenyl carbylamine chloride produce a similar turbidity at high concentration (4%), other substances such as mono-, di- and tri-chloromethyl chloroformates, chloropicrin, benzyl bromide, acrolein, the aromatic arsines, thiodiglycol, etc., do not react. 

Chlorine is applied as chlorine gas, powdered calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), or liquid sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl bleach). Chlorine reacts with the organic (natural organic matter, NOM) or inorganic (bromide ion, Br ) precursors in the water to form chlorine disinfection by-products (CBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin. Humic and fulvic acids are the predominant NOMs. When bromine exists, the chlorine oxidizes it to hypobromous acid/ hypobromite ion (HOBr/OBr ) to form bromo THMs (bromodichloromethane, BDCM, and di-bromochloromethane, DBCM), HAAs, and HANs. 

Goldman LR, Mengle DC, Epstein DM, et al Acute symptoms in persons residing near a field treated with the soil fumigants methyl bromide and chloropicrin. West J Med 147 95-98, 1987... 

II. Toxic dose. Methyl bromide is threefold heavier than air and may accumulate in low-lying areas, and it may seep via piping or conduits from fumigated buildings into adjacent structures. It may condense to a liquid at cold temperatures (38.5°F or 3.6°C) and then vaporize when temperatures rise. Methyl bromide gas lacks warning properties, so the lacrimator chloropicrin (2%) is usually added. However, chloropicrin has a different vapor pressure and may dissipate at a different rate, limiting its warning properties. 

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