Chlorine dioxide physical properties

Chlorine dioxide, CIO2, is a greenish yellow gas having a pungent odor that is distinctive from that of chlorine. Liquid chlorine dioxide has a deep red color and is explosive at temperatures above —40° C. Selected physical and thermodynamic properties of chlorine dioxide are given in Table 1. 

Table 1. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Chlorine Dioxide ...

Physical Properties. Aqueous chloric acid is a clear, colorless solution stable when cold up to ca 40 wt % (1). Upon heating, chlorine [7782-50-5] CI2, and chlorine dioxide [10049-04-4] CIO2, may evolve. Concentration of chloric acid by evaporation may be carried to >40% under reduced pressure. Decomposition at concentrations in excess of 40% is accompanied by evolution of chlorine and oxygen [7782-44-7] and the formation of perchloric acid [7601-90-3], HOCl, in proportions approximating those shown in equation 1. 

These experts collectively have knowledge of chlorine dioxide and chlorite s physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, key health end points, mechanisms of action, human and animal exposure, and quantification of risk to humans. All reviewers were selected in conformity with the conditions for peer review specified in Section 104(I)(13) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended. 

Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorine Dioxide and Sodium Chlorite... 

Physical and Chemical Properties. The relevant physical and chemical properties of chlorine dioxide and chlorite ions and salts are well-known (see Section 4.2). 

Physical Properties.—Sulphuryl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid, with an extremely pungent odour. Z)2 = 1-6074 ->t " = l-4437. It boils at 69-1° C. at 760 mm. pressure, and freezes at —46° C.5 The vapour density is normal at first, but when the chloride is kept, even at 100° C., its vapour commences to dissociate into sulphur dioxide and chlorine. At 200° C. dissociation is almost complete.6 When dissolved in benzene the substance shows a molecular- weight corresponding with S02C12. At ordinary temperatures the specific heat is 0-233, the latent heat of evaporation 32-4 calories per gram, and the heat of formation from the elements approximately 89,540 calories per gram-molecule.7 The dielectric constant at 20° C. is 8-5. As a solvent, the ebullioscopic constant of sulphuryl chloride has been found to have... 

Exercise 29-6 Radical-induced chlorination of polyethene in the presence of sulfur dioxide produces a polymer with many chlorine and a few sulfonyl chlo-- ide (—S02CI) groups, substituted more or less randomly along the chains. Write suitable mechanisms for these substitution reactions. What kind of physical properties would you expect the chlorosulfonated polymer to have if substitution is carried to the point of having one substituent group to every 25 to 100 CH2 groups How may this polymer be cross-linked (A useful product of this general type is marketed under the name of Hypalon.)... 

PTHF elastomers have a zigzag planar conformation. Some of typical physical properties are Tm = 43° C, Tg = - 86° C, density approximately 1. Other properties are comparable to those of usual rubbers. PTHF elastomers are soluble in many solvents (THF, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, liquid sulfur dioxide, etc.). Aliphatic hydrocarbons in general are nonsolvents. 

Rosenblatt, D. H. 1978. Chlorine dioxide chemical and physical properties. In R. G. Rice and J. A. Cotruvo, Eds. Ozone—Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation Products of Organic Materials. (Cleveland, OH Ozone Press Inti.), pp. 332-343. 

A rather extensive review of chlorine dioxide has been published in French by Masschelein (155). This review includes the physical and chemical properties of chlorine dioxide, methods of synthesis, and different analytical methods for determining chlorine dioxide, as well as the industrial applications of chlorine dioxide. A review by Rapson (180) of the history of the application of chlorine dioxide to the bleaching of wood pulp covers the most important industrial use of chlorine dioxide and gives an indication of the economics of its use. 

Physical Properties.—A -Ray analysis of c -2,2-diphenyl-3,4-dichlorothietan 1,1-dioxide indicates that the thietan ring is puckered, and that the 3-chlorine... 

Physical and Chemical Properties It is a colourless liquid which boils at 153° to 156° C, with partial decomposition. On heating to 158° C., however, it decomposes into sulphuric acid, chlorine and sulphur dioxide ... 

The thickness of the interphase depends on the reactivity of the filler surface with the matrix material. It also depends on their physical affinity.Increased acid-base interaction between chlorinated polyethylene and titanium dioxide increases the thickness of the adsorbed layer. There is a maximum of thickness of interphase which depends on the properties of polymer bulk. The acid-base interaction is more dependent on how the filler is modified than on the matrix properties themselves. Both filler and matrix are responsible for the formation of an equilibrium, although each contributes in a different way. 

Chlorosulfonatedpolyethylene (CSM) is well known under its common trade name Hypalon. It is prepared by reacting polyethylene with sulfur dioxide and chlorine. This elastomer has outstanding chemical resistance to oxidizing environments including ozone, but it is readily attacked by fuming nitric and sulfuric acids. It is oil-resistant but it has poor resistance to aromatic solvents and most fuels. Except for its excellent resistance to oxidizing media, its physical and chemical properties are similar to that of neoprene with however improved resistance to abrasion, heat and weathering. 

Non-flammable compressed gases do not catch fire easily or bum quickly. However, they possess other hazards. The cylinder label and SDS will tell you about the toxic properties and physical hazards. Ammonia, argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and nitrous oxide are all non-flammable compressed gases. These gases may ... 

Special precautions are necessary in the handling of certain hazardous liquefied compressed gases, particularly the following butadiene (inhibited), vinyl chloride, anhydrous ammonia, LP-gases, chlorine, methyl chloride, sulfur dioxide, and the fluorinated hydrocarbons. For specific information on the physical and chemical properties of liquefied compressed gases, physiological ef-... 

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