Chloride with organic acid

Stannous Oxide. Stannous oxide, SnO ((tin(II) oxide), mol wt 134.70, sp gr 6.5) is a stable, blue-black, crystalline product that decomposes at above 385°C. It is insoluble in water or methanol, but is readily soluble in acids and concentrated alkaHes. It is generally prepared from the precipitation of a stannous oxide hydrate from a solution of stannous chloride with alkaH. Treatment at controUed pH in water near the boiling point converts the hydrate to the oxide. Stannous oxide reacts readily with organic acids and mineral acids, which accounts and for its primary use as an intermediate in the manufacture of other tin compounds. Minor uses of stannous oxide are in the preparation of gold—tin and copper—tin mby glass. 

Cellulose esters are commonly derived from natural cellulose by reaction with organic acids, anhydrides, or acid chlorides. Cellulose esters of almost any organic acid can be prepared, but because of practical limitations esters of acids containing more than four carbon atoms have not achieved commercial significance. 

The sequential treatment of triazine derivative 990 with acyl chlorides and acetic anhydride and perchloric acid afforded (86H1031) thiadi-azolo[l, 2,4]triazinium perchlorates 991. On the other hand, cyclocondensation of 992 with organic acids gave 993 [82JHC1577 83JAP(K)58/180492] and 994 with aromatic aldehydes (84JIC552) (Scheme 183). 

Recently, the groups of Fu and Buchwald have coupled aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids [34, 35]. The methodology may be amenable to large-scale synthesis because organic chlorides are less expensive and more readily available than other organic halides. Under conventional Suzuki conditions, chlorobenzene is virtually inert because of its reluctance to oxidatively add to Pd(0). However, in the presence of sterically hindered, electron-rich phosphine ligands [e.g., P(f-Bu)3 or tricyclohexylphosphine], enhanced reactivity is acquired presumably because the oxidative addition of an aryl chloride is more facile with a more electron-rich palladium complex. For... 

Previous work by us has led to the synthesis of silicon, germanium and tin polyethers utilizing Interfacial systems (for instance 5-9). The tin-cotton products should possess an analogous structure from previously reported similarities in reactivity of soluble cellulosic hydroxyls with organic acid chlorides... 

Aluminium forms numerous series of complex derivatives, the halogen salts showing a marked tendency to form molecular compounds with other metallic halides, with acid chlorides, with chlorides of organic acids, and with ammonia. 

Reaction CXLI. Action of Acids, Acid Anhydrides and Chlorides on Primary and Secondary Amines.—Substituted amides are usually prepared by treating amines with organic acids, or with acyl chlorides or anhydrides. When the acid is used a salt is first formed from which a molecule of water is eliminated on further heating. 

Hydrolysis proceeds at low temperatures. Light decomposes the chloride with the production of chlorine. Chlorides of organic acids can be produced by the action of this substance upon salts of organic acids,... 

Usually it is necessary to exchange the chloride ions for organic acid anions to obtain adequate solubility. Dyes containing aliphatic amino groups (e.g., 23) are more soluble because they can be protonated with organic acids such as acetic, lactic, or formic acid. 

Esterification. Without a doubt, the best known nucleophilic reaction of alcohols is the reaction with organic acids and some derivatives, like acid anhydrides and acid chlorides, to form esters (Reaction XII). 

Chlorocyclophosphazenes react with organic acids or their salts (21, 346, 448), acid amides (206), and acid halides (207) to yield the nitrile of the acid the phosphazene ring is degraded. The reaction of benzoyl chloride with [NP(OEt)2]3 4 gives ethyl chloride, ethyl phos-phenates, and triphenyl-s-triazine (188). The trifluoroethoxy derivatives, [NP(OCH2CF3)2]3 4, react with diphenyl ketone to afford the acid, (CF3CH20)2P(0)(0H), and organic imines (405, 406). 

Formation of aniline blue test Upon heating insoluble oxalates with concentrated phosphoric acid and diphenylamine or upon heating together oxalic acid and diphenylamine, the dyestuff aniline blue (or diphenylamine blue) is formed. Formates, acetates, tartrates, citrates, succinates, benzoates, and salts of other organic acids do not react under these experimental conditions. In the presence of other anions which are precipitated by calcium chloride solution, e.g. tartrate, sulphate, sulphite, phosphate, and fluoride, it is best to heat the precipitate formed by calcium chloride with phosphoric acid as detailed below. 

Esters of a-hydroxymethyl ketones are formed by heating diazoketones with organic acids. The crude diazoketones prepared from acyl halides and diazomethane may be used. The over-all yields of acetoxy ketones, ArCOCHjO,CCHj, from benzoyl and /3-naphthoyl chlorides are 55% and 72%, respectively. ... 

Cation and metal speciation is likely to be substantially different in the gastric fluids than in the plasma, with decreased complexation with organic acids (due to increased acid protonation) and increased speciation as hydrated ions and chloride complexes (Figure 7). 

It is known that nitrilium salts can be prepared by alkylation of nitriles , via the reaction of imidoyl chlorides with Lewis acids as well as by Beckmann rearrangement of oximes . The application of nitrilium salts in organic synthesis is summarized in a number of reviews " . In this connection it is appropriate to mention another three-component one-pot synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-4. -l,3-oxazines 40 based on the reaction of aldehydes with iV-tcr/-butylnitrilium salt 41 which, however, proceeds without the participation of Af-acyliminium ions . The reaction is carried out by mixing the aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde, tcrt-butyl chloride and Lewis acid (SbCljjSnC ) in benzonitrile solution (equations 16 and 17). 

BIS (HYDROXYMETHYL)-l,3-PROPANEDIOL (115-77-5) CsHuO Combustible solid. Dust cloud forms explosive mixture with air (flash point unlsnown autoignition temp 842°F/450°C). Incompatible with organic acids, oxidizers. Incompatible with thiophosphoryl chloride + heat (forms an explosive material). On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), water spray, or COj extinguishers. 

BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-l,3-PROPANEDIOL (115-77-5) Combustible solid (flash point unknown). Dust cloud forms explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with organic acids, oxidizers. Incompatible with thiophosphoryl chloride. 

CHLORO-2-HYDROXYBENZENE (95-57-0) Combustible liquid (flash point 147°F/64°C). Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Incompatible with organic acids toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and phosgene may evolve from decomposition. Attacks aluminum and copper. 

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