Chitosan capsules

Tozaki, H., Fujita, T., Odoriba, T., Terabe, A., Okabe, S., Muranishi, S., and Yamamoto, A., Validation of a pharmacokinetic model of colon-specific drug delivery and the therapeutic effects of chitosan capsules containing 5-aminosalicylic acid on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesul-phonic acid-induced colitis in rats, J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 51 1107-1112 (1999). 

Fetih, G., et al. 2005. Improvement of absorption enhancing effects of /j-dodecyl-beta-D-maltopyr-anoside by its colon-specific delivery using chitosan capsules. Int J Pharm 293 127. 

Tozaki, H., et al. 1997. Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery improvement of insulin absorption from the rat colon. J Pharm Sci 86 1016. 

H. Tozaki, T. Fujita, A. Yamamoto, S. Muranishi, T. Sugiyama, A. Terabe, T. Mat-sumoto, and T. Suzuki, Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery Improvement of insulin absorption from the rate colon, Proceed. Intern. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 23 551-552 (1996). 

Wang, G-M., Chen, C-H., Ho, H-O., Wang, S-S., and Sheu, M-T. (2006), Novel design of osmotic chitosan capsules characterized by asymmetric membrane structure for in situ formation of delivery orifice, Int. J. Pharm., 319, 71-81. 

These finishes are applied in pad-dry or exhaust processes to almost all kinds of fibres, especially synthetics. Favoured articles include underwear, towels and bath mats that dispense body lotion, pantyhose that reduce cellulite, pyjamas and bed linen that ease neurodermitis, and shirts and other clothing that repel mosquitoes. The fixed chitosan capsules are described to be permanent for several cycles of hand or machine washing. 

Tozaki H, Fujita T, Odoriba T, et al. Colon specific delivery of R 68070, a new thromboxane synthase inhibitor using chitosan capsules therapeutic effects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Life Sci 1999 64 1155-1162. 

Chitosan Capsules for the Colon-specific Delivery of Insulin... 

Capsules were prepared using chitosan (Fig. 5.13), and the colon-specific delivery of insulin with chitosan capsules was ex-... 

Fig. 5.14 Gastrointestinal transit of chitosan capsules. Key (a) small intestine (b) large intestine (c) excretion.

Intestinal Absorption of Insulin using Chitosan Capsules... 

Plasma insulin concentrations and the plasma glucose concentration-time profiles after oral administration of eight chitosan capsules are shown in Fig. 5.17. No peak insulin or hypoglycemic effects were observed after oral administration of insu-... 

Fig. 5.15 Release of 5 6)-carboxyfluorescein from chitosan capsules, determined by the J.P. rotating basket method. Key ( ) liquid 1 (j. P.) liquid 2 (j.P.) 33% suspension of cecal contents (O) phosphate-buffered saline (pH 6.0). Results are expressed as the mean+SE of two to four experiments.

Fig. 5.17 Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations after the oral administration of chitosan capsules. Key (A) solution (insulin, 20 lU) ) gelatin capsules (insulin, 20 lU) (O) chitosan cap-...

In summary, it was demonstrated that chitosan capsules are stable in the stomach and the small intestine. However, in rats they were specifically degraded by microorganisms in the cecal contents on reaching the colon. Furthermore, it was shown that insulin absorption from the large intestine was improved by the co-ad-ministration of a variety of additives. Thus, these capsules may be useful carriers for the colon-specific delivery of biopharmaceuticals, including insulin. 

Chitosan capsules coated with HPMCP were also tested for insulin oral delivery (82). Using male Wistar rats, insulin-containing capsules were administered orally to the rats, each of which received, through polyethylene tubing, a total dose of 20 lU into their stomachs. The h5 oglycemic effect did not start until 6h after the administration. This was when the capsules had reached the colon. The bioavailability of the insulin from the CS formulation was 5.73% as compared to the intravenous injection. It was observed that certain absorption enhancers like sodium glycocholate increased the absorption of insulin in the large intestine (66). 

Chavarri, M. Maranon, L Ares, R. Ibanez, F.C. Marzo, R Villaran, M.D.C. Microencapsulation of a probiotic and prebiotic in alginate-chitosan capsules improves survival in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2010,142 (1-2), 185-189. 

Ramdas, M. et al. Lipoinsulin encapsulated alginate-chitosan capsules Intestinal delivery in diabetic rats. J. MicroencapsuL, 17, 405, 2000. 

Li et al. [44] reported that alginate coated chitosan microparticles could be an effective means for mucosal immunization and oral intake of antigens. Mourya and Inamdar [50] prepared chitosan capsules encapsulating 5-aminosalicylic acid for colon-specific delivery. 

Kim, S. K., and Rha, C. (1989). Transdermal permeation of proteins in chitosan capsules Eds. Chitin and Chitosan-Sources Chemistry, Physical Properties and Application, Elsevier London, 365. 

---