Chitosan Based Metallic Nanoparticles

It has been reported that chitin-chitosan/nano Ti02-composite scaffolds has wide applications in tissue engineering field [85]. Current research has developed a novel immunoassay strategy based on combination of chitosan and a gold nanoparticle label [86] which explored the unanimous role of chitosan in biochemical research. Further bioinspired mineralization of chitosan-based nanocomplexes encouraged its role in bone tissue engineering applications [87]. Fabrication of chitosan/ZnO 

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This section emphasizes recent research on different aspects of chitosan-based functional nanomaterials, including applications of chitosan-based functional metal nanoparticles (gold, iron oxide, and silica), carbon-based nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene and fullerene), quantum dots, and liposomes for tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, cancer diagnosis, and some industrial applications. 

Chitosan based self assembled/amphiphilic NPs plays a vital role in delivery of number of drugs, nucleic acids and metals. Recently, the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic modifications on gene delivery of amphiphilic chitosan based nanocarriers investigated and it has been observed that this type of modification allowed the improved gene delivery via amphiphilic nanoparticles [128]. It was reported that the chitosan-based self-assembled nanoparticles can be readily obtained by chemically attaching the hydrophobic moiety to the backbone of chitosan and its derivatives, as shown in Fig. 3.5. These self-assembled nanoparticles can circulate in the... 

Palladium nanoparticles were further immobilised on chitosan flakes and from TEM it was established that they have a core-shell structure in which the metallic palladium is surrounded by a stabilising shell composed of a [(C4)4N]+ monolayer that is surrounded by Br and [PdCl4]2- species.1821 High catalytic activity for arylhalides including activated arylchlorides was observed at 130°C in [(C4)4N]Br using tetrabutylammonium acetate as base. 

Besides the conducting polymer-based nanostructured materials, organic hybrid nanocomposites, especially chitosan and Nafion, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are being explored for effective and efficient biosensor fabrication. Such hybrid nanocomposites show properties different from their parent constituent precursors and are dependent on concentration of precursors, their morphology, and novel interfacial characteristics. 

Similarly, chitosan mixed with different nanofillers such as clay nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles are used for dye removal purpose [171]. In recent carbon nanotube (CNT) appeared as a promising nanofiller for the preparation of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites because of its excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties [171]. Several papers reflect CNT as a superb adsorbent for different material like dioxin removal and dye removal because of its hollow and layered nanosized structures that have a large specific surface area [171, 172]. A number of conventional methods like precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange treatment are used to remove metal ions from the water system, but hydrogel based adsorbents have attracted distinctive attention because of they are highly potential for efficient removal of heavy metals [173, 174] (Fig. 12). 

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