Chinese population, incidence

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage is more common than subarachnoid hemorrhage, and its incidence increases with age (see Fig. 1.1). It is more frequent in Southeast Asian, Japanese and Chinese populations than in whites. The most common causes are intracranial small vessel disease, which is associated with hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and intracranial vascular malformations (Sutherland and Auer 2006). Rarer causes include saccular aneurysms, hemostatic defects, particularly those induced by anticoagulation or therapeutic thrombolysis, antiplatelet drugs, infective endocarditis, cerebral vasculitis and recreational drug use (Neiman et al. 2000 O Connor et al. 2005). 

The incidence of PMs of debrisoquine/sparteine has been investigated in many populations, in most of them with a fairly small number of subjects (16). Among 1011 Swedish Caucasians, we found 69 (6.3%) PMs of debriso-quine (Fig. 1) (17). This incidence is very similar to other European (16) and American (18) Caucasian populations. In collaboration with professor Lou and associates in Beijing, we showed that the incidence of PM among 695 Chinese was only 1.0% using the antimode MR = 12.6 established in Caucasian populations (Fig. 1) (17). A similar low incidence of PM has been shown in Japanese (18) and Koreans (19). 

Xiao ZS, Goldstein JA, Xie HG, et al. Differences in the incidence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism affecting the S-mephenytoin phenotype in Chinese Han and Bai populations and identification of a new rare CYP2C19 mutant allele. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997 281 604-609. 

The 1 allele occurs at a frequency of 20% to 26% in Asian populations and about 53% to 55% in Caucasians [83-86]. In Caucasians and Chinese, the 1/1 genotype has been associated with a significantly better and faster SSRI response, while the s/s allele is associated with poor response [83,84,87-97]. In two studies in Japanese and Korean patients, one found that neither the 1 nor s allele had an effect on treatment response the other observed only a slight improved response among s allele carriers [98,99]. The 1 allele has been associated with improved response to paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and tricyclic antidepressants in depressed patients, while the s allele has been associated with both poorer response and greater incidence... 

The incidence of closed-angle glaucoma varies by ethnic group, with higher incidence in individuals of Inuit, Chinese, and Asian-Indian descent. Incidence rates of 1% to 4% have been reported in these populations. ... 

Ecological studies showed that the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Chinese women is lower than that observed in Caucasian women in Western countries [213]. This was attributed by some authors to the dietary intake of estrogenic Isofl by the Asian populations. Among 10 epidemiological studies that examined the correlation between soy-food consumption and bone loss based essentially on BMD,... 

Until now, the incidence ofvigabatrin-asso-ciated retinal toxicity in Asian populations has not been studied. In 18 Chinese patients, 8 men and 10 women, who had taken vigabatrin for 13 months to 5 years, mean dosage 1581 mg/day, there were significant bilateral visual field defects in 20 eyes, and 80% showed a concentric pattern, compared with none in the control group [433 ]. 

Figure 7.3 Cancer of the breast and prostate in Chinese andJapanese immigrants to the USA compared with incidence of the diseases in first-degree relatives in China and Japan and the local population in the USA (SFO, San Francisco), From data reported by Haenzel W and Kurihawa M (1965) Journal of the National Cancer Institute 40 43-68, andYu H et al. (1991) International Journal of Epidemiology 20.- 76-81. 

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