Chinese Cultural Influences

Culturally determined health beliefs and practices can also profoundly influence psychiatric assessment and psychopharmacotherapy. Cultural influences on symptoms manifested by Asian patients may mislead clinicians who are unfamiliar with Asian culture and health beliefs (Lin et al. 1995). For example, Asians are likely to express their problems in behavioral or somatic terms rather than in emotional ones. Also, Asian patients often present with somatic rather than psychological complaints and seek help from primary care physicians. However, findings from a recent epidemiological study of depressive disorders suggest that Chinese Americans are not adverse to expressing problems in emotional idioms (Takeuchi et al. 1998). 

The I Ching (also known as the Book of Changes) is a representative work on Chinese classical philosophy, which is regarded as one of the most far-reaching classics influences Chinese culture. Since Han Dynasty, I Ching has been revered as the First of all classics, which contains fruits of Chinese wisdom and culture precipitated for more than five thousand years. The basic symbols in I Ching are an unbroken Hne (—) to represent Yang Yao, and a... 

The advent of functional foods and nutraceuticals on the market has blurred the distinction between pharma and nutrition [1]. Obviously, the concept of foods promoting health is not new. In 400 b.c., Hippocrates already sentenced Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food [2], and in the countries of the far East, influenced by Chinese culture, foods such as glutinous rice, wheat, sesame, jujube, gingiber, or leek were included in Chinese medicine books for their traditional use for chronic diseases [3]. Nowadays, the development of functional foods is one of the most intensive areas of food product development worldwide, opening multiple challenges for countries with a vast biodiversity and historical use of plant extracts [4]. 

The aim of this research is to study if the Chinese cultural and social embedded guanxi networks are important in business practices and how they influence buyer-seller relationships and performances in vegetable supply chains in China. We interviewed 8 case companies to explore their guanxi network, trust, transaction specific investments, channel and governance choices and performance attributes of transaction costs and quality satisfaction. Summaries of the 9 selected buyer-seller relationships (relationship 1-9 in Figure 2-6) for each case company are listed in Table 2. 

The genetic manipulation of animal cells allows the production of therapeutic proteins in animal cell culture systems. Mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovarian cells and baby hamster kidney cells are commonly used. These mammalian hosts produce recombinant proteins that have almost identical properties to those made by human cells. However, the use of mammalian cells does have disadvantages. As noted earlier, they are expensive to use. This is influenced by their more complex nutritional requirements, their slower growth, and their increased susceptibility to physical damage (Walsh, 2003). 

Influence of ammonium on growth, metabolism, and productivity of a continuous suspension Chinese hamster ovary cell culture. Biotechnol Progr,... 

Footnotes 1) Subcloning of this clone yield 7 ADCP and 7 ADCP clones. The presence or absence of ADCP did not influence the ADA expression. 2) The hybrid cells were cultured on MCS as well as on HS, because of the possible uptake of calf ADA from the medium by fibroblasts. 3) Since we found that our anti-ADA exhibits marked cross-reactivity towards Chinese hamster ADA, we used both crude anti-ADA and anti-ADA absorbed by a Chinese hamster extract bound to Sepharose 4B. 

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