China pests

For example, the lack of good alternatives pushed the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1998 to recommend the use of methyl bromide to treat wood packaging materials from China. A voracious, nonnative insect pest had been found in such packaging materials in 14 states around the United States. The Asian beetle had no known U.S. predators and could cost the United States more than 41 billion in lost forest product, commercial fruit, maple syrup, nursery, and tourist industries. This beetle was an extremely serious insect, and methyl bromide was the only known effective insecticide. Heat treatment was also suggested, but it proved to be more difficult and expensive (Morse 1998). Therefore, methyl bromide as an insecticide was receiving a reprieve. 

Wang, S., D. Just, and P. Pinstrup-Anderson. 2006. Tarnishing silver bullets Bt technology adoption, bounded rationality and the outbreak of secondary pest infestations in China. Paper presented at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting in Long Beach, CA, July 25. 

The use of plant extracts to treat sickness or control pests dates back at least two millennia in the records of ancient China, Egypt, and Greece.1 These were crude extracts of unknown activity. In the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, through advances in chemistry, these became better defined plant extracts such as derris, pyrethrum or... 

The most reliable study of POPs in breast milk samples from developing countries comes from work carried out by Kunisue and colleagues [103-105,155-157]. Here, samples were collected from across Asia and analyzed within the same laboratory using the same analytical procedures. Their studies revealed that relatively high concentrations of DDT, for example, were found in mothers from Vietnam, China, Cambodia and Malaysia, more than from other countries included in their studies. To compare levels in Asia with other developing countries, selected data from other published studies [103-105,155-164] from the literature have been compiled in Table 5.7. Other countries with elevated levels of DDT in breast milk, as shown in Table 5.7, are Zimbabwe, Mexico and Pakistan, aU countries with a history of widespread usage of DDT in malaria vector and pest control. 

Ahmad, M., Denholm, I., and Bromilow, R.H., Delayed cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin in pyrethrin-resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera from China and Pakistan, Pest Manag. Sci., 62, 805, 2006. 

CHsBr (bromomethane. Table 3.2) has been used to control the spread of the Asian long-horned beetle to the United States. Shipments of wood coming to the United States from China are fumigated with CHsBr in an effort to prevent this pest from invading an environment in which it has no known predators. 

Walnut (nux juglandes) is harvested from walnut tree Juglans regia) and is the most popular nut ingredient in North American cooking. Over 30 varieties of walnut trees are currently harvested that have been developed for various characteristics including pest tolerance, early/late harvest, and shell thickness. The major walnut-producing nations are the United States (California), China, Turkey, India, France, Italy, and Chile (39). 

Hussey NW, Tinsley TW. Impressions of insect pathology in the People s Republic of China. In Burge HD, ed. Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 1970 1980. London, New York Academic Press, 1981, pp 785-795. 

Attempts to combat pests with chemicals were made several thousand years ago. In China as early as 3000 B. C. a mixture of lime, woods ash and chalk was used to... 

In 1995, the National Statistics Bureau in China reported 49,311 pesticide poisoning cases (accidents and suicides) in 27 provinces, including 3204 deaths. Of these, 15,000 cases occuiTed during occupational pest control activities of which 91% involved OPs and a fatality rate of 0.5% (75 cases). The reporting system was only set up in 1992 and needs improving some areas have not established a reporting system while in other ai eas reporting is limited. It is... 

The pest situation in China is somewhat different from that in the United States. Some of the major pests are listed below ... 

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