Child safety

We can expect drastic changes in the food packaging industry. Some will arise from new consumer needs, new or expanded food supplies and products, and new food preservation systems such as aseptic packaging. Others will result from societally based constraints such as safety in health and hazardous use (as in the child safety closure legislation) and consumer protection against fraud, misinformation, or wrongful use where the burden for awareness is no longer on the buyer but on the supplier. Other such constraints will arise from environmental concerns or material scarcities. 

The Commission and the CSM also made recommendations on the introduction of many other broad safety measures. These included the Phen-acetin Prohibition Order (SI 1974/1082), presentation of medicines in relation to child safety (SI 1975/2000), and declaration of alcohol in medicinal products on their package as active ingredient where this is likely to be pharmacologically active. Other labelling issues culminated in an Order (SI 1976/1726) that set out the standard particulars that must be shown on the containers and packaging of medicinal products. Consultations on other generally applicable warnings on the labels of certain medicines to protect children and to ensure that... 

March 2 A bill to shield gun manufacturers and dealers from lawsuits is overwhelmingly defeated in the Senate. The Republicans had withdrawn their support for the bill after Democrats had succeeded in adding amendments that would renew the ban on assault weapons, require child safety locks on all handguns, and require background checks on gun purchases at gun shows. 

The search for mitigating reasons that would allow the practitioner to view the adult s incapacity as a temporary problem to be resolved, and therefore not necessarily a decision about child safety, was also a feature of the drug workers response to the situation ... 

During the only child s mid-adolescence, "being friends" with their son or daughter should not necessarily be the highest priority for parents. To maintain harmony in the relationship at the expense of teaching the child safety or... 

Containment and protection of the product to ensure stability over shelf-life, protection to withstand the influences of climate, distribution, warehousing and storage during use, protection for child safety. 

Lidding materials can also use soft (annealed) foil (0.025 mm) or laminations of soft foil and other substances (tissue paper, glassine, etc.). Soft and embossed soft foil extends in the push-through stage, hence may give added child safety provided it does not damage the item concerned. 

Medicines Commission, Report on the Presentations of Medicines in Relation to Child Safety, DHSS, August 1974. 

Mader, G., Blister packs and child safety, Manuf. Chem. Aerosol, April 1976. 

Bowin J (1999) Child safety risk assessment and design solutions. Child Safety, 1st Edn. Standar-diseringsgmppen STG och SIS Forlag AB. 

CAPT (1998) Lessons for Safety. Teacher s Guide for Key Stages 1 and 2, Child Safety Week Resource Pack. 

Child Safety Starter Pack—Materials for teaching home safety. Includes information sheets, statistics and a selection of leaflets, 12.50 Streets Ahead— Teaching ideas for integrated safety education programmes. Includes cross curricular worksheets and activities on road... 

Child safety some preparations should be dispensed with a child-resistant closure (see also Sect. 24.4.20). 

As E-Textiles evolve, certifications and safety requirements will emerge first from the private sector. However, as the industry matures, government intervention will most likely begin to define detailed requirements for consnmer safety, and particularly, for child safety parameters. In one sense, the E-Textile indnstry, while in its infancy, is more like the Wild West. The no rules experimentation, exploitation of new concepts fueled by trial and error, entreprenenrial spirit, creativity, unproven technologies and risk—are now typical of the growing pains of an emerging industry. 

Booster seat When child no longer fits in child safety seat but is not big enough for safety belt. Used with an adult lap and shoulder belt. Seat is not attached to the automobile. Should only be used in a seating position where there is a shoulder and lap belt. High-back seats and backless seats are good in most situations. If the back of the automobile seat or headrest is below the ears of the child, use a high-back booster. 

Crash data also reflect the very low use rates of booster seats. Durbin et al. (2005), analyzed restraint use by children in over 11,000 crashes in 15 U.S. states. They found that while over 80 percent of the 9-15 years old children used lap and shoulder belts, and 90 percent of the children under 4 years old were restrained in child safety seats, only 24 percent of the 4-8 years old children were using booster seats. 

At this height, which children typically reach when they are 10-11 years old, they outgrow the child safety seats (Bagioli, 2005 NHTSA, 2002). The problem seems to be centered on the proper use of the booster seats. Improper use is either premature graduation to booster seats or improper attachment and adjustment of the seat. One other related problem is premature graduation out of the booster seats. 

Given the relatively small added absolute benefit of booster seats over seat belts, it is not surprising that some studies fail to show that they have added benefits at all. Levitt (2005) analyzed all fatal crashes involving children in the U.S. in 1975-2003 and concluded that child safety seats, in actual practice, are no better than seat belts at reducing fatalities among children aged 2-6 . However, as Levitt himself noted, actual practice of use of safety (mostly booster) seats is not necessarily proper use of the seats, and benefits of booster seats that may not be evident in fatality data may show up in injury data, as demonstrated by the studies of Ehirbin and Winston. 

Biagioli, F. (2005). Child Safety Seat Counseling Three Keys to Safety. Am, Family Physic., 72(3), 473-478. 

Levitt, S. D. (2005). Evidence that Child Safety Seats are No More Effective than Seat Belts in Reducing Fatalities for Children aged Two and Up. University of Chicago Department of Economics, Initiative on Chicago Price Theory, and American Bar Foundation. July,... 

NHTSA (2002). Types of child safety seats. Report DOT HS 809 230. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington DC. 

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