Chewable preparations

Finally, another unique formulation is a chewable tablet available to women who have difficulty swallowing medications. Ovcon 35 (norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol) has all 28 tablets in chewable form and has added spearmint flavoring.30 Along with each of these unique oral contraceptives, there are preparations currently being studied that contain 24 active pills and 4 placebo pills per pack, shortening the hormone-free period.1... 

Both solid and liquid dosage forms may contain saccharin. Saccharin is a nonnutritive sweetening agent, which is 300 times as sweet as sucrose. In a survey of sweetener content of pediatric medications, seven out of nine chewable tablets contained saccharin (0.45-8.0 mg/tablet) and sucrose or mannitol. Seventy-four of the 150 liquid preparations investigated contained saccharin (1.25-33 mg/5 mL) [62], Saccharin is a sulfanamide derivative that should be avoided in children with sulfa allergies [54],... 

Chewable tablets and sprinkle capsule formulations have been very well received by both patients and their parents for use in children with full dentition (older than 3 years, [75-77]. This is potentially a very fruitful area for future research and development. Pharmaceutical preparations developed for administration to young children need to have consistent bioavailability when administered with food [78]. 

Tablets are solid dosage forms that are compressed or prepared by a sintering proeess, including sublingual, buccal, chewable, effervescent, and compressed tablets. Some of these ean be easily compoimded an example of a tablet triturate is as follows ...

Proquin XR Proquin XR and other oral formulations of ciprofloxacin are not interchangeable. Proquin XR should be administered orally once daily for 3 days with a main meal of the day, preferably the evening meal. Proquin XR should be administered at least 4 hours before or 2 hours after antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, sucralfate, Videx (didanosine) chewable/buffered tablets or pediatric powder, metal cations such as iron, and multivitamin preparations containing zinc. Pragy/n XR tablets should be taken whole and never split, crushed, or chewed. 

Administer oral doses of moxifloxacin at least 4 hours before or 8 hours after antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, sucralfate, metal cations such as iron, multivitamin preparations with zinc, or didanosine (chewable/buffered tablets or pediatric powder for oral solution). 

In pharmaceutical applications, sorbitol is used as a tablet diluent in wet granulation or dry compression formulations. It is commonly used in chewable tablets because of its sweet taste, and it is also used as a plasticizer for gelatin in capsule formulations. Sorbitol is utilized in sugar-free liquid preparations and as a stabilizer for drug, vitamin, and antacid suspensions. When it is used in syrups, crystallization around bottle caps is prevented. 

Oral 350, 420, 500, 600, 650, 750, 1000, 1250 mg chewable tablets 1250 mg/5 ml suspension Combination aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide preparations (Maalox, Mylanta, Gaviscon, Gelusil, others) Oral 400 to 800 mg combined hydroxides per tablet, capsule, or 5 ml suspension... 

Vitamin preparations containing sodium fluoride are also available as drops, tablets, and chewable tablets. These forms of supplementation are useful in areas where the water supply contains less than 0.6 ppm, and they offer a way to provide fluoride to the child, if the parents are conscientious in dispensing the required amount daily and if the child does not object to taking oral medications. In recommending vitamins with fluoride, it is mandatory that one know... 

Chewable tablets. These tablets are preferred for pediatric and geriatric patients who have difficulty swallowing whole tablets. Another advantage is that they do not need water for administration. Mannitol is normally used as the base diluent because of its pleasant taste and texture, and because it can effectively mask the taste of objectionable actives. They are usually prepared by wet granulation and are not compressed very hard. High amounts of flavor are added to increase palatability. Antacids are typically formulated as chewable tablets. 

A multiparticulate drug delivery technology for producing CR and taste masked preparations such as liquids, suspensions, effervescent and chewable tablets, reconstitutable powders, and unit dose sachet or sprinkle systems. 

Taste acceptability is a particular issue with oral liquid dosage forms, lozenges, and chewable tablets. The problem may be overcome by the preparation of poorly soluble salts. Thus the bitterness of erythromycin and of bacitracin may be ameliorated by use of the estolate (lauryl sulfate) and zinc salts, respectively. Propoxaphene may be taste masked by forming the napsylate, the solubility of which may be further reduced and the taste improved by adding a common-ion salt such as sodium or calcium napsylate. 

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the EDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (injections ophthalmic preparations oral capsules, solutions, and tablets). Included in parenteral (intravenous infusions and injections) and nonparenteral medicines (ear drops eye lotions oral capsules, chewable tablets, effervescent powders, effervescent tablets, granules, and tablets suppositories and suspensions) licensed in the UK. 

Sorbitol is used as a diluent in tablet formulations prepared by either wet granulation or direct compression. It is particularly useful in chewable tablets owing to its pleasant, sweet taste and cooling sensation. In capsule formulations it is used as a plasticizer for gelatin. Sorbitol has been used as a plasticizer in film formulations. ... 

Compressible sugar is used primarily in the preparation of direct-compression chewable tablets. Its tableting properties can be influenced by small changes in moisture level see Table I. 

Chewable tablets are considered to be safe for use in children with full dentition (2-3 years) (76-78) and under supervision. Orodispersible preparations in the oral cavity (e.g., tablets, films, wafers) stand also on the periphery of solids and liquids, with the extra challenge that the quantity of excipients available to improve the palatability is limited. 

Konkel P, Mielck JB. A compaction study of directly compressible vitamin preparations for the development of a chewable tablet Part I. Pharm Technol 1992 138. 

In other cases, a new dosage formulation is required to satisfy a new market segment. Oral solutions and chewable tablets are beneficial for a pediatric population. A slow-release preparation (such as percutaneous patches) may be preferred in elderly patients taking multiple drugs if it allows once-daily (or less frequent) dosing. Trials demonstrating safety and efficacy of new formulations are often conducted in Phase IV and typically act as the supporting information for an sNDA. 

Effervescent preparations, powders and granules, chewable dosage forms and fast-dissolving/disintegrating preparations in the oral cavity. 

Some of the didanosine preparations (e.g. chewable tablets) are formulated with antacid buffers that are intended to facilitate didanosine absorption by minimising acid-induced hydrolysis in the stomach. These preparations can therefore alter the absorption of other drugs that are affected by antacids (e.g. azole antifungals, quinolone antibacterials, tetracyclines). This interaction may be minimised by separating administration by at least 2 hours. Alternatively, the enteric-coated preparation of didanosine (gastro-resistant capsules) may be used. 

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