Chemistry Curie, Marie

Keith Eagnou University of Ottawa Department of Chemistry 10 Marie Curie Ottawa, Ontario KIN 6N5 Canada... 

CURIE, PIERRE (1859-1906) CURIE, MARIE (1867-1934). Pierre Cume was bom and raised in Paris. With his brother. Jacques, he studied crystals and in 1880 discovered piezoelectricity. Piezoelectricity is the production of an electric charge by pressure on certain crystals. Pierre became director at the School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry in Paris where he worked for 22 years. His doctoral thesis on magnetism led lo his discovery, the Curie point, a temperature at which ferromagnetic substances lose their magnetism. 

Curie, Marie S. (1867-1934). Born in Warsaw, Poland, she and her husband Pierre made an intensive study of the radioactive properties of uranium. They isolated polonium in 1898 from pitchblende ore. By devising a tedious and painstaking separation method, they obtained a salt of radium in 1912, receiving the Nobel Prize in physics for this achievement in 1903 jointly with Becquerel. In 1911, Mme. Curie alone received the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Her work laid the foundation of the study of radioactive elements which culminated in control of nuclear fission. 

Curie, Marie (1867-1934). Discovered and isolated radium research on radioactivity of uranium. Nobel Prize 1903 (with Becquerel) in physics in chemistry 1911. 

Curie, Marie Sklodowska (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) Polish-bom chemist-physicist Marie was the first woman to teach at the University of Paris. She married French physicist-chemist Pierre Curie in 1895, and the couple collaborated on research into radioactivity, discovering the elements polonium and radium. She and her husband shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work she was the first woman so honored. After her husband died, she continued her research and received the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the first person to receive the award in two different disciplines. She founded the Radium (later Curie) Institute. 

Curie, Marie (nee Sklodowska) (1867-1934) Polish-born French physicist and wife of Pierre Curie, with whom she worked on magnetism and radioactivity, a term she invented in 1898. Her work on radioactivity earned her the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903. She isolated polonium and, in 1910, pure radium. For this work, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. She died from leukemia, a martyr to long exposure to radioactivity. 

So, we see as a laboratory source of alpha particles the supply would be pretty constant over a long period of time. Another consideration is that radium is in the same column of the periodic chart as Ca and so biologically it might have similar chemistry to Ca and become trapped in bone tissue where it would be radioactive for a long time. Thus, this interlude regarding the fact that first-order decay is a useful model for nuclear processes has provided an opportunity to discuss some aspects of nuclear chemistry. Considering the crossover of physics and chemistry in the work of the Curies (Marie, Pierre, and Irene) and information in the popular domain regarding nuclear chemistry, we think this brief discussion is justified as an essential part of physical chemistry. 

Ref. 5, Chap. 29, pp. 803-43. See also E. Farber, Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 1901 1961, Abelard-Schuman, London, Marie Sklodowska Curie, pp. 45-8. F. C. Wood, Marie Curie, in E. Farber (ed.). Great Chemists, pp. 1263-75. Interscience, New York, 1961. 

In 1903, the Curies received the Nobel Prize in physics (with Becquerel) for the discovery of radioactivity. Three years later, Pierre Curie died at the age of 46, the victim of a tragic accident. Fie stepped from behind a carriage in a busy Paris street and was run down by a horse-driven truck. That same year, Marie became the first woman instructor at the Sorbonne. In 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of radium and polonium, thereby becoming the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. 

One curious observation, however, was that pure U actually had a lower radioactivity than natural U compounds. To investigate this. Curie synthesized one of these compounds from pure reagents and found that the synthetic compound had a lower radioactivity than the identical natural example. This led her to believe that there was an impurity in the natural compound which was more radioactive than U (Curie 1898). Since she had already tested all the other elements, this impurity seemed to be a new element. In fact, it turned out to be two new elements—polonium and radium— which the Curies were successfully able to isolate from pitchblende (Curie and Curie 1898 Curie et al. 1898). For radium, the presence of a new element was confirmed by the observation of new spectral lines not attributable to any other element. This caused a considerable stir and the curious new elements, together with their discoverers, achieved rapid public fame. The Curies were duly awarded the 1903 Nobel prize in Physics for studies into radiation phenomena, along with Becquerel for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. Marie Curie would, in 1911, also be awarded the Nobel prize in chemistry for her part in the discovery of Ra and Po. 

Marie Pierre Curie 1903, physics radioactivity, M.C. 1911, chemistry discovery of radium and polonium)... 

Gwilherm Evano was born in 1977 in Paris he studied chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and received his Ph.D. from Universite Pierre et Marie Curie in 2002 under the supervision of Professors Francois Couty and Claude Agami. After postdoctoral study with Professor James S. Panek at Boston University, he became assistant professor at the University of Versailles in 2004. His research interests concern the field of asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles as well as their reactivity and the total synthesis of natural products. 

Department of Chemistry University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Street,... 

Marie Curie named polonium after her native country of Poland. She is also given credit for coining the world radioactivity. She is one of only two chemists to receive two Nobel Prizes. In 1903 both the Curies and Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852—1908) shared the Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on radioactivity in 1911 Madame Curie received the prize for chemistry for the discovery of radium and plonium. (The other scientist who received two Nobel Prizes was Linus Pauling [1901-1994], one for chemistry in 1954, and a Nobel Peace... 

Madame Marie Curie dedicates Hepburn Hall of Chemistry at St. Lawrence... 

Marie-Paule Pileni, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France... 

Marie Curie, who became a masterful analytical chemist, was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903, along with her husband and Henri Becquerel, for their work on radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford the physicist (Fig. 10) always considered it a royal joke that his Nobel Prize, in 1908, was in chemistry. But it was a strange and novel kind of chemistry that Rutherford did. 

Degussa Endowed Professorship, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 11, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany... 

Marie and Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 for pioneering investigations of radioactivity. The Curies needed 4 years to isolate 100 mg of RaCI2 from several tons of ore. Marie received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 for her isolation of metallic radium. Linus Pauling, John Bardeen, and Frederick Sanger are the only others who received two Nobel Prizes. 

The International Institutes of Physics and Chemistry were founded by Emest Solvay at the beginning of this century. The Solvay Conferences in Brussels have played an essential role in the history of physics, as remarked by one of the founders of quantum mechanics, Werner Heisenberg. The first Solvay Conference on Physics in 1911 became famous for its discussions on the birth of quantum mechanics, a marked departure from classical concepts, by Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Henri Poincare, and many others. 

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