Chemicals immune recognition

Sharma OP (1973) Drug-induced pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 78 616 Shearer GM (1975) Recognition of chemically modified autologous cells. Importance of the murine major histocompatibility complex. In Rosenthal A (ed)Immune recognition. Academic Press, New York, p 21... 

While it is easy to produce a material that is short lived in the human bloodstream because it is readily excreted or processed in the liver, it is far more difficult to produce a material whose residence time in the bloodstream can be manipulated externally. Such a material must be resistant to immune recognition, enzymatic processing, cellular uptake, excretion, and other mechanisms. At the same time, it must have a physical or chemical property that allows it to be recognized and removed from circulation at will. 

Avoid immune recognition by coupling p-lactam ring opening with a chemical fragmentation to release the immunogenic hapten... 

Section 25 16 Carbohydrates and proteins that are connected by a chemical bond are called glycoproteins and often occur on the surfaces of cells They play an impor tant role m the recognition events connected with the immune response... 

Dmg receptors are chemical entities which are typically, but not exclusively, small molecules that interact with cellular components, frequently at the plasma membrane level (1,2). There are many types of receptors heat, light, immune, hormone, ion channel, toxin, and vims are but a few that can excite a cell. The receptor concept can be appHed generally to signal recognition processes where a chemical or physical signal is recognized. This recognition is translated into response (Fig. 3) and the process can be seen as a flow of information. 

Details on the cellular immune responses occurring following the recognition of xenobiotic haptens as antigens by the immune system are described in chapters 33-35 of this volume. Ultimately, a certain combination of mediators is selectively activated and subsequently helps determine and differentiate the characteristic immune response (e.g., Thl vs. Th2). For example, dermal sensitizing chemicals (e.g., oxazolone and dinitrochlorobenzene) elicit a higher proportion of Thl cytokines such as IFNy and... 

Both the nonspecific and specific components of the immune system can be suppressed by chemicals, including drugs. It involves the suppression of maturation and development of immune cells. Both T and B cells develop in the bone marrow and thymus. This involves a complex series of changes in relation to antigen receptors and recognition. Chemicals can affect these processes, leading to a decrease in the number of mature T and B cells. This will result in inhibition of both the humoral and cellular responses. 

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