Chemical Weapons Convention agents

The earliest information on Russia s novichok chemical weapons program which was codenamed "Foliant," carne just prior to Moscow s signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) from two Russian chemists. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Russia produced several new agents that were reportedly made from chemicals not controlled by the CWC. 

The majority of G-series agents are listed in Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) as long as they are within the following limitations ... 

This class of agents is not covered by the Chemical Weapons Convention. Because of the toxicity of the agents and lack of commercial application, carbamate nerve agents would be prohibited based on the Guidelines for Schedules of Chemicals. 

The agents in this class are dihalo organoarsines. Other than lewisite (C04-A002), which is listed in Schedule 1, these materials are not covered by the Chemical Weapons Convention. Some of them have even seen limited commercial applications. 

The agents in this class are bicyclophosphates and bicyclothiophosphates. This class of agents is not specifically listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention nor is it covered by the language of the general definitions in the Schedules. Some of these chemicals have been used as fire retardants, oil lubricants, and for medicinal research. They also occur as breakdown products in some synthetic turbine engine lubricants and some rigid polyurethane foams. 

A very special and sensitive issue is the production and usage of the warfare chemical agents. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) which now has 168 member states aims to rid the world of all chemical weapons by 2007. Now three years before the Convention s end date, the promise is seen optimistic. 

Keywords biomarkers biomedical sampling chemical warfare agents chemical weapons convention invstigation of alleged use terrorism... 

The U.S. Army is in the process of destroying the country s stockpile of aging chemical weapons, stored at eight locations in the continental United States and on Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. The deadline for completing the destruction of these weapons, as specified by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) international treaty, is April 29, 2007. Originally, the Army selected incineration as the preferred baseline destruction technology, and it currently operates two incineration facilities—one on Johnston Atoll and one at the Deseret Chemical Depot near Tooele, Utah. The Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) completed destruction of the stockpile on Johnston Island in late 2000, and closure of the... 

In accordance with the terms of the international Chemical Weapons Convention, which became effective April 29, 1997, the signatories, including the United States, are to have destroyed their stockpiles of chemical agents and munitions by April 29, 2007. 

Recommendation 3-4b. If the development and testing of the machines for accessing agent in the modified baseline process would delay disposal operations past the Chemical Weapons Convention deadline, the Army should consider installing another technology at Pueblo. 

The term unitary refers to a single chemical loaded in munitions or stored as a lethal material. Binary munitions have two relatively safe chemicals loaded into separate compartments the chemicals are mixed to form a lethal agent only after the munition is fired or released. The components of binary munitions are stockpiled separately, in separate states, and are not included in the present Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. However, under the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1997, they are included in the munitions that will be destroyed. 

Between 1989 and 1993, the Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFTN) initiated four international interlaboratory comparison (round-robin) tests for the verification of chemical disarmament (2) to test the effectiveness of their procedures for the recovery of treaty-related chemicals (Chemical Warfare agents... 

Capillary Electrophoresis Chemical Warfare Agents Chemical Weapons Convention Deuterated L-Alanine Triglycine Sulfate Dimethyl Ethylphosphonate Dimethyl Isopropylphosphonate Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Dimethyl Propylphosphonate Dimercaptotoluene Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Functional Group Chromatograms Flame-Ionization Detector Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry... 

The ability to monitor compounds related to the Chemical Weapons Convention has become an increasingly important issue in recent years. Sensitive analytical techniques are required for identifying chemical weapons at suspected attack sites and for monitoring alleged production facilities. Most chemical warfare (CW) agents degrade after... 

X Army designation for potentially agent- CWC Chemical Weapons Convention... 

The liquid waste stream from the first step of the VX neutralization process at NECDF is called hydrolysate. Hydrolysate is the solution resulting from the treatment of the VX agent with an aqueous NaOH solution. It is a high-pH mixture that consists of two phases, aqueous and organic. The organic phase may represent up to 5 percent by volume of the total mixture. This hydrolysate process waste stream must be destroyed for compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention treaty (NRC, 1998). Approximately 33 percent of the original VX stockpile at NECDF has been neutralized as of January 2007, resulting in the accumulation... 

More recently, microemulsions have been developed for the oxidative/hydrolytic destruction of sulfanes sulfoxides) and phosphoric acid derivatives using sodium hypochlorite and cetyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). The compounds studied serve as model compounds for chemical warfare agents such as mustard gas [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfane] and sarin (GB i-propyl-methylphosphonofluoridate). Big stocks of these must now be destroyed after implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which came into force in April 1997 [865],... 

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