Functional group chromatogram

Table 3. Summary of the most characteristic functional groups of the chemicals related to the CWC. Many of these groups can be used as a basis for functional group chromatograms. Wavenumber regions are based on data from M. Soderstrom, unpublished results and (50)...

Figure 3. Chromatograms of an extract of a rubber sample containing two mustard agents (peaks marked with 2 and 3) (a) Gram-Schmidt chromatogram and (b) functional group chromatogram 750-680 cm-1 (Reproduced by Permission of the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs from International Interlaboratory Comparison (Round-Robin) Test for the Verification of the Chemical Disarmament, F.3. Testing of Procedures on Simulated Industry Samples, The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, ref. 18)...

Capillary Electrophoresis Chemical Warfare Agents Chemical Weapons Convention Deuterated L-Alanine Triglycine Sulfate Dimethyl Ethylphosphonate Dimethyl Isopropylphosphonate Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Dimethyl Propylphosphonate Dimercaptotoluene Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Functional Group Chromatograms Flame-Ionization Detector Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry... 

Figure 8 Solvent-elimination SEC-IR from poly styrene-butylacrylate) revealing changes in chemical composition as function of hydrodynamic volume. (A) Functional-group chromatogram for styrene (B) functional-group chromatogram for butylacrylate. FTIR spectra taken from (C) the peak top and (D) the peak tail at positions indicated by arrows in A and B.

Microchemical reactions These can be carried out either with universal reagents [11] or with such substances which react with particular functional groups (group-characterizing reagents). If the separation process ensures that only one component occurs at a particular spot on the chromatogram, then this can be detected sub-stance-specifically . But specificity in an unequivocal sense can only be produced by a combination of the separation and the detection process. (The same is true of other forms of detection.)... 

Reactions can be exploited more speciHcally if it is known that particular functional groups are present [cf. Chapter 2]. They still do not allow direct identification, but they increase the specificity of the evidence. The chromatographic separation carried out before detection also contributes to this. This reduces the number of potential components. However, this does not exclude the possibility that there might be several substances in the particular part of the chromatogram involved. This not only applies to thin-layer chromatography but also applies with equal force to other microanalytical separation methods (GC, HPLC). 

Figure 7.25 (a) LC-TSP-FTIR functional group (3100-2800 cm ) chromatogram of phenolic antioxidants. Legend ... 

SEC-FTIR yields the average polymer structure as a function of molecular mass, but no information on the distribution of the chemical composition within a certain size fraction. SEC-FTIR is mainly used to provide information on MW, MWD, CCD, and functional groups for different applications and different materials, including polyolefins and polyolefin copolymers [703-705]. Quantitative methods have been developed [704]. Torabi et al. [705] have described a procedure for quantitative evaporative FUR detection for the evaluation of polymer composition across the SEC chromatogram, involving a post-SEC treatment, internal calibration and PLS prediction applied to the second derivative of the absorbance spectrum. 

Fig. 3.124. Chromatograms of a 1 1 dye mixture (a) 40 min before addition of Na2C03, (b) 10 min after addition of Na2C03, and (c) 60 min after addition of Na2C03 flow rate = 0.6 ml/min, other conditions are described in the text. The peak at 4.57 min in (a) and the same peak (smaller in size) at 4.54 min in (b) are both attributed to the functional group of cibacron yellow ( — F) the peak at 7.54 min in (a) and the same peak (smaller in size) at 7.40 min in (b) are both attributed to the hydrolysed part of the functional group of cibacron yellow the peaks at 5.07 min in (b) and 5.22 min in (c) are attributed to the hydrolysed part of the functional group of cibacron blue. Reprinted with permission from A. Zotou et al. [175].

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