Remediation technologies chemical

Yin, Y. and Allen, H.E., In-Situ Chemical Treatment, Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC), Technology Evaluation Report, E Series TE-99-01, 1999. 

Waste characteristics, which may limit the effectiveness or feasibility of the remedial technologies quantity/concentration, chemical composition, acute toxicity, persistence, biodegradability, radioactivity, ignitability, reactivity/corrosivity, infectiousness, solubility, volatility, density, partition coefficient, compatibility with chemicals, and treatability... 

This section focuses on engineered in situ remediation technologies that use microorganisms to biodegrade pollutant chemicals. In situ bioremediation technologies are configured to either directly... 

Abstract- The wastewater treatment field has over 100 years of dealing with chemicals in groundwater, and in consistently removing over 95% of the contaminants. This paper will discuss some of the basic principles involved and ways in which wastewater lessons may he applied to remediation technology. 

Pollution of soils and waters by human activities is an important and widespread problem. This pollution by, organic and inorganic substances can affect individual organisms, human populations, and ecosystems, each in its own unique way. In particular former military installations, often used for weapons production and nuclear power plants represent a ongoing and substantial threat to environment and human health because of the specific pollutants that can be released Solvents, explosives, fuels, radionuclides, heavy metals, and metalloids all have been identified in the environment around these installations. Remediation technologies for these contaminated sites have been developed based on conventional systems utilising physical and chemical treatments, such as excavation and incineration, pump-and-treat methods, ultraviolet oxidation, soil washing, etc. 

Fisher, M. and J. Sikes. Minefield edge detection using a novel chemical vapor sensing technique, in R. S. Harmon, J. H. Holloway, Jr., and J. T. Broach, Eds. Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 5089, pp. 1078-1087, April 21-25, 2003a, Orlando, FL. 

Webb, S. W., K. Preuss, J. M. Phelan, and S. Finsterle. Development of a mechanistic model for the movement of chemical signatures from buried landmines/UXO, A. C. Dubey, J. F. Harvey, J. T. Broach, and R. E. Dugan, Eds. in Proceedings of the SPIE 14th Annual International Symposium on Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation and Controls, Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV, April 5-9, 1999. 

Wiley s Remediation Technologies Handbook Major Contaminant Chemicals and Chemical Groups. ISBN 0-471-45599-7 Copyright 2004 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

The ARS Technologies, Inc., Ferox process is an in situ remediation technology for the treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbons, leachable heavy metals, and other contaminants. The process involves the subsurface injection and dispersion of reactive zero-valence iron powder into the saturated or unsaturated zones of a contaminated area. ARS Technologies claims that Ferox is applicable for treating the following chemicals trichloroethene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, lindane, aromatic azo compounds, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, tetrachloroethene (PCE), nitro aromatic compounds, 1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride, 4-chlorophenol, hexachloroethane, tribromomethane, ethylene dibromide (EDB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Freon-113, unexploded ordinances (UXO), and soluble metals (copper, nickel, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium). 

Although many of the costs for chemical oxidation technologies will be site specific, chemical costs will generally average 15 to 30% of the total remediation costs. Factors that influence chemical costs will include the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the contaminated media, pH, the size of the site, and initial contaminant concentrations (D22442A, pp. 19, D-1). 

The CESAR (chemically enhanced solubilization for aquifer remediation) technology is a surfactant-enhanced pump-and-treat technology that remediates an aquifer by treating organic contaminants with a chemical surfactant solution. The surfactant solubilizes the contaminants, thus making them more readily transportable to the extraction weUs. This technology is currently commercially available. 

In situ oil skimmers are commercially available for the recovery of free product [i.e., light non-aqueous-phase liquids (LNAPLs) such as oil, grease, or other hydrocarbons] floating on the water table. Oil skimmers can be used alone or in conjunction with other remediation technologies, such as (in situ) soil vapor extraction, bioventing, or bioremediation, or (ex sim) membrane filters, coalescers, or chemical processes. The technology is implemented in sim by lowering the skimmers into wells located in the zone of contamination. 

This type of technology differs from most other remediation technologies is that the goal is to trap and immobilize contaminants within the existing medium, rather than trying to remove them via chemical or physical treatments. 

The Remediation Technologies, Inc. (RETEC), slurry-phase bioremediation (liquid-slurry treatment) is an ex situ technology that uses naturally occurring bacteria to breakdown hazardous organic chemicals. The degradation process occurs in an engineered reactor, such as a lined lagoon, tank, or other similar vessel. 

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