Chemical distribution distributors

The chemical distribution industry has always been subject to ongoing, intensive M A activities. Recently, private equity investors have also demonstrated an increased interest in distributors (Fermont, M.). 

Over the course of time, chemical distributors have developed in the complex small-volume, rapid-response area of chemical distribution into playing an important role in the supply chain from chemical producers to consumers. In addition to fundamental delivery capabilities, distributors offer value-added services, skills in complying with environmental and safety standards, and economy of delivery to remote and small customers. 

Three interrelated trends of globalization among chemical producers and customers, increasing QHSE (quality, health, safety, and environment) standards, and outsourcing by the producers and customers are currently shaping the chemical distribution industry, offering distributors considerable opportunities for competitive differentiation. 

Infrastructure and distribution raise similar problems. Capable third-party chemical distributors offering consistently high levels of service are not universally available. According to a 2002 study published by the State Council s China Development Research Centre, 70 percent of China s commercial enterprises have their own fleet of vehicles and 80 percent own their warehouse facilities. MNCs thinking about setting up their own (Western-style) nationwide chemical distribution network have soon been discouraged by the high risks and costs involved. 

As we all know, need or a demand triggers a supply. This has certainly been true in the field of chemical distribution, where, since World War II, there has been a tremendous growth in the number of distributors, as well as growth in the size of established distributors. 

Distribution Channels. Most commodity chemicals ate primarily sold by the producer to a relatively small number of very large users. However, producers of commodity chemicals also utilize disttibutors to teach small volume users. Distributors buy in bulk and repackage or resell in smaller amounts to a broad spectmm of users. Distributors profit by the difference between their bulk cost and their LCL (less-than-cadoad lots) sales plus a commission from the producer, which may be as high as 15% of the bulk price but is mote often 5 to 10%. 

For each mixture ortrade name product that contains a listed toxic chemical, you will have to notify all customers in SIC codes 20-39 or distributors who in turn sell that product to firms in SIC codes 20-39. Unless you know othenvise, you should assume that the chain of distribution includes facilities in SIC codes 20-39. (The notification is limited to SIC 20-39 facilities and their suppliers because only facilities in those SIC codes are required to report releases under section 313.)... 

Figure 9-8J. MTS-109 Multipan two-stage liquid distributor for optimum liquid distribution for uniform flow for random and structured packings for low to moderate liquid rates, less than 5 gpm/ft. Also used for redistributor. Used by permission of Nutter Engineering, Harsco Corp., Bull. TI-1, under license from The Dow Chemical Co., protected by U.S. Patents No. 4,472,325 4,808,350 5,013,491.

In order to prepare standard mineral mixtures, pyrite (Py), pyrrhotite (Po), chalcopyrite (Cp), sphalerite (Sp), siderite (Sid), dolomite (Dol), calcite (Cal) and quartz (Qz) were acquired as pure mineral samples through a specialized distributor (Minerobec, Canada). These 8 pure minerals were further cleaned under a binocular microscope and separately crushed to reach 95% under 150pm (typical tailings grain size distribution e.g. Aubertin et al. 2002). Each pure mineral powder was characterized thereafter with a series of chemical and mineralogical techniques. More details can be found in Bouzahzah et al. (2008). The relative density of each mineral specimen were measured with an He pycnometer and are... 

Hummel Chemical Company, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, and the Nease Chemical Company (location not provided) produced hexachloroethane at one time. In the 1970s, there were 14 producers and distributors of hexachloroethane in the United States. The producers reported that the product was not distributed it was used in-house or recycled. The distributors were importers of hexachloroethane (see Section 4.2). Estimated production volume of hexachloroethane in 1977 was about 2-20 million pounds (Gordon et al. 1991 HSDB 1995 IARC 1979 Kitchens et al. 1978 Santodonato et al. 1985 SRI 1977). 

Several voluntary industry initiatives, such as ACC s Responsible Care and NACD s Responsible Distribution Process (RDP), provide guidance on process safety management for chemical manufacturers and distributors. However, no voluntary industry initiatives list specific codes or requirements for reactive hazard management. 

NACD is an association of chemical distributor companies that purchase and take title of chemical products from manufacturers.62 Member companies process, formulate, blend, repackage, warehouse, transport, and market chemical products to industrial customers. NACD has developed the Responsible Distribution Process (RDP), which is similar in concept to the ACC Responsible Care code. 

National Association of Chemical Distributors (NACD), 2002. Responsible Distribution Process Code of Management Practice, April 2002. 

A mixer was constructed on Si based on distributive mixing (see Figure 3.38). Two liquid streams were split into 16 ministreams to enhance diffusive mixing. Thereafter, the ministreams were recombined. This mixer has been used to study chemically induced conformational change of [466] proteins [467], and chemiluminescent reaction catalyzed by Cr3+ [468]. In another report, a similar mixer with 16 channels was built [280,469]. Mixing was also carried out in a PET chip consisting of a distributor and a dilutor to produce 16 concentrations from two inputs. 

---