Antidotes chemical

Considerable care must be taken at all times when using potassium cyanide to avoid any form of physical contact and chemical antidotes must be kept permanently and easily available. 

As a chemical antidote, chloride of sodium may bo administered in poisoning by nitrate of silver. As an alterative and tonic, it is useful in scrofula and glandular diseases. As an astringent In hemorrhage, dysentery, and diarrhoea, it has been given in conjunction with lime or lemon juice. It is frequently employed as a dentifrice. 

If an overdose of the local anesthetic has been taken by mouth, evacuation and chemical antidotes are indicated. If the anesthetic was injected, absorption should be blocked by ligation, if possible. Whatever delays death is likely to save the life in view of the rapid destruction of these drugs. If... 

Another approach has been to increase the physiological tolerance of crop plants to particular herbicides through the development of chemical antidotes or safeners. Since the introduction of this latter concept by Otto Hoffman (2) in the early 1960 s, at least five antidotes or safeners have been developed commercially (Table I). 

Research on chemical antidotes or safeners has been summarized in several reviews and published symposia (3.-9). Most of the major developments (Table I) have resulted from impirical screening programs by Industry that may have been stimulated by observations of herbicide antagonism in plants (3, 10). However, some of the research on mode of action of antidotes has been directed at finding new ways to protect crop plants from herbicides (3). The research to be discussed in this text, namely the use of subtoxic herbicide pretreatments to improve crop tolerance to selected herbicides, arises in part from research on the mode of action of R-25788 as a selective antidote for EPIC or butylate in corn. 

The SNS is a national repository of antibiotics, chemical antidotes, antitoxins, life-support medications, IV administration, airway maintenance supplies, and medical/surgical items. The SNS is designed to supplement and resupply state and local public health agencies in the event of a national emergency anywhere and at any time within the United States or its territories. 

A rapid decision must be made to protect the hospital from secondary contamination. Storage of appropriate inventories of chemical antidotes, or guick access to such stores, is critical to the successful treatment of many chemical weapon victims. 

Solhnann, T. (1919). Dichlorethylsulphide ( mustard gas ) I. The influence of solvents, absorbents and chemical antidotes on the severity of the human skin lesions. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 12 303-18. 

Research on anesthetic gases during the nineteenth century facilitated the development and use of poisonous war gases in the twentieth. This led to attempts to counteract the effects of chemical warfare agents and other toxic compounds, particularly arsenicals, introduced by Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) for the treatment of syphilis. This resulted in the synthesis of the first specific chemical antidote, British anti-Lewisite (BAL), in 1945 by R.A. Peters, L.A. Stocken, and R.H.S. Thompson in Oxford. Studies on the mechanistic bases for toxicity were applied to the synthesis of effective insecticides. For example, during the 1940s, the Swiss chemist Paul Muller discovered a compound, now known as DDT, that poisons insects on contact. 

Stores of chemical antidote kits and antibiotics may be out of date and/or insufficient to treat all who might be exposed onboard ships, according to anecdotal evidence provided to the committee. Stocks at shore installations tend to suffer the same—or worse—shortfalls. 

There is no known chemical antidote to phosphorus the treatment is, therefor, limited to the removal of the uuab rb portions of the mison by the action of an emetic, zinc sulphate or apomorphia. as expeditiously... 

No chemical antidote to chloroform is known. When it has been swallowed, the stomach-pump and emetics are indicated when taken by inhalation, a firee circulation of air should be established about the face artificial respiration and the application of the induced current to the sides of the neck should be resorted to. 

No chemical antidote Is known. The treatment should be directed to the removal of any chloral remaining in the stomach by the stomach-pump, and to the maintenance or restoration of respiration. 

There is no known chemical antidote to PCP. The only treatment is to keep the patient quiet, in a dark room, away from sensory stimuli, and protected from self-inflicted injury. Don t attempt to talk the patient down as the patient can perceive any interaction as a personal attack and may become very violent. The patient is commonly given diazepam (Valium) or haloperidol (Haldol) for their antianxiety and antipsychotic effects. 

Chemical antidotes specifically interact with or neutralize the toxicant Relatively few antidotes act In this manner. 

Chemical antidotes are usually not required if the patient is breathing normally and is fully conscious 5 min after removal from the exposure site. Recovery should be spontaneous with oxygen therapy and reassurance. 

In hospital practice, take 5-10 mL blood into lithium heparin or plastic tube for blood cyanide level before giving chemical antidotes. 

Chemical antidotes may not be required if the casualty remains breathing spontaneously and is fully conscious 5 minutes after removal from source. 

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