Chemical agents system

Mustard and Related Vesicants. Mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide [505-60-2] (Chemical Agent Symbol HD), C1(CH2)2S(CH2)2C1, is a colodess, oily hquid when pure. Most samples have a characteristic garliclike odor. It is primarily a vesicant bUsters are formed by either Hquid or vapor contact. Mustard also attacks the eyes and lungs and is a systemic poison, so that protection of the entire body must be provided. It is insidious in its action there is no pain at the time of exposure, and symptoms usually do not appear until several hours after exposure. 

Data files on the THERdbASE CD are 1990 Bureau of Census Population Information, California Adult Activity Pattern Study (1987-88), AT T-sponsored National Activity Pattern Study (1985), Chemical Agents from Sources, Chemical Agent Properties, Air Exchange Rates, Information from EPA s TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Methodology) Studies, Information from EPA s NOPES (NonOccupational Pesticides Exposure Study) Studies, Information from EPA s AIRS (Aerometric Information Retrieval System), and Human Physiological Parameters. 

Suppressant A chemical agent nsed in a deflagration snppressant system to extingnish the deflagration. 

The use of a chemical agent as an anti-foam is affected by an on-off algorithm with variable dosing time and time delay. If the presence of foam is detected, then the controller first activates a delay timer. This type of foam controller works with some delay and variable dosing time. If at the end of the delay period the foam is still present, then the dosing pump is activated and chemical agent is added to the bioreactor. If the foam is still detected at the end of this period, the combined system of delay and dosing is reactivated. With this method of controller, addition of any unnecessary anti-foam is prevented. 

Immediate intense irritation. The systemic effect of CK is believed to arise from its conversion to AC in the body. In general, CK may be considered a rapid-acting chemical agent. 

To combat attacks with fast-acting agents in the terminals, continuous visual surveillance of densely populated areas and observation of behavior patterns may be as useful as any detector. The TSA should study the feasibility of the widespread deployment of surveillance cameras in populated areas, coupled with behavioral-pattern-recognition software, as an alternative to chemical agent detectors. Such cameras could also provide a dual-use value in improving the overall security environment. In addition, many critical nodes in the air transportation system (control rooms, emergency-response centers, and so on) are supplied with air that is recirculated from publicly accessible areas this makes them vulnerable to being disabled by the release of... 

One common characteristic of many chemical agents is that they tend to be relatively fast acting that is, victims begin to exhibit symptoms of distress within seconds to minutes after exposure to the agent. This almost-immediate showing of symptoms has implications for defensive strategies based on detection systems, since the chemical agent released in an attack would reach and produce a response... 

Chemical agents are typically fast-acting and symptoms develop within seconds to minutes of exposure. Even in the absence of protective detection systems, the use of chemical weapons will be immediately detected in the behavior of the troops on the held. 

Bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae have similar symptom progressions in that exposure is followed by a period of reproductive growth (often nonsympto-matic) in the body. As their numbers increase, they often eventually overcome the immune system. Many produce toxins that interfere with bodily functions. Purified toxins such as botulinum toxin (produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria) act in a similar manner to chemical agents since, as complex chemical compounds, they do not reproduce but immediately interfere with bodily functions. However, most toxins are not absorbed through the skin, as... 

Thus there are two separate and distinct missions of any system designed to detect both chemical and biological weapons, namely Detect to Warn and Detect to Treat. The presence of a chemical agent must be detected immediately in order to warn troops to put on protective gear. Biological agents must be detected and identified promptly in order to minimize the number of exposed troops however, immediate death or incapacitation is not likely. Instead, early detection allows early treatment and lower mortality rates. 

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