Reproductive Growth

Studies have been undertaken on the relationship between AA turnover and metabolism, growth and flowering of numerous crop plants over a number of years (Chlnoy, 1962 1977  

The special feature of this work Is the periodic determination of AA and ASG contents as well as enzymic utilization of AA and the degree of complexing of AA with macromolecules, both In the shoot apex and the leaf. 

Chailakhyan (1956) obtained slight stimulatory effects of AA, thiamine, and nicotinic acid on growth and flowering of plants. He however, considered these effects to be non-specific. 

FIGURE 5.2. Elimination of the retarding influence of colchicine treatment By the simultaneous exogenous application of AA on various growth and yield characters of Brassica dhinensis L. 

FIGURE 5.3 Ascorbic acid and auxin contents of apical organs at seven day interval throughout the growth period of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hansa (Swalof, Sweden). 

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Bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae have similar symptom progressions in that exposure is followed by a period of reproductive growth (often nonsympto-matic) in the body. As their numbers increase, they often eventually overcome the immune system. Many produce toxins that interfere with bodily functions. Purified toxins such as botulinum toxin (produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria) act in a similar manner to chemical agents since, as complex chemical compounds, they do not reproduce but immediately interfere with bodily functions. However, most toxins are not absorbed through the skin, as... 

Vitamin A deficiency affects more than 100 million children around the world (Miller and others 2002) and thus remains an important public health problem in many countries. Vitamin A is essential for vision, reproduction, growth, immune function, and general health of humans (van Lieshout and others 2001). The major sources of vitamin A in the human diet are retinyl esters (preformed vitamin A) found in foods of animal origin and provitamin A carotenoids from fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, foods containing preformed vitamin A (meat, milk, eggs, etc.) are frequently too expensive for some economically deprived developing countries, and therefore dietary carotenoids are the main source of vitamin A in these countries. 

Mercury is a known mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen. At comparatively low concentrations in birds and mammals, it adversely affects reproduction, growth and development, behavior, blood... 

In all tested organisms, PCBs — especially PCBs with 2,3,7,8-TCDD-like activity — adversely affected patterns of survival, reproduction, growth, metabolism, and accumulation. Common manifestations of PCB exposure in animals include hepatotoxicity (hepatomegaly, necrosis), immunotox-icity (atrophy of lymphoid tissues, suppressed antibody responses), neurotoxicity (impaired behavior and development, catecholamine alterations), increased abortion, low birth weight, embryolethality, teratogenicity, gastrointestinal ulceration and necrosis, bronchitis, dermal toxicity (chloracne, edema,... 

Tekalign, T., Hammes, P. S. (2005). Growth and productivity of potato as influenced by cultivar and reproductive growth. II. Growth analysis, tuber yield and quality. Sci. Hort., 105,29 4. 

The retinoids, a family of molecules that are related to retinol (vitamin A), are essential for vision, reproduction, growth, and maintenance of epithelial tissues. Retinoic acid, derived from oxidation of dietary retinol, mediates most of the actions of the retinoids, except for vision, which depends on retinal, the aldehyde derivative of retinol. 

Asexual reproduction. Growth and cell duplication that does not involve the union of nuclei from cells of opposite mating types. 

High planktonic (CFU/ml) levels within the cooling system indicate that suitable conditions for rapid reproductive growth exist and thus planktonic organisms may further rapidly proliferate, adding greatly to the source of biofoulant load. 

Mayer FL, Mehrle PM, Dwyer WP (1975) Toxaphene effects on reproduction, growth and mortality of brook trout. EPA-600/3-75-013. US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN... 

Morimoto, N., Suda, S., and Sagara, N. (1981). Effect of ammonia on fruit-body induction of Coprinus cinereus in darkness. Plant Cell Physiol. 22, 247-254. Morimoto, N., Suda, S., and Sagara, N. (1982). The effects of urea on the vegetative and reproductive growth of Coprinus stercorarius in pure culture. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 23, 79-83. 

Waters, E. R. and Blum, U. 1987. Effects of single and multiple exposure of ferulic acid on the vegetative and reproductive growth of Phaseolus vulgaris BBL-290. Amer. J. Bot. 74, 1635-1645... 

EC50 Median effective concentration, the concentration causing 50% reduction of a certain response parameter (e.g., reproduction, growth). 

Sequence and duration of development steps during vegetative and reproductive growth Germination Tillering Shooting Flowering Fruit development... 

This led to a broadening of research efforts, and programs were implemented to identify chemicals capable of manipulating the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants. 

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