Charts loads

Whilst network analysis is a useful tool for estimating timing and resources, it is not a very good means for displaying schedules. Bar charts are used more commonly to illustrate planning expectations and as a means to determine resource loading. 

The bar chart below is a representation of the network shown in Figure 12.4. In addition the chart has been used to display the resource loading. 

The bar chart indicates that activity B can be performed at any time within days 2, 3 and 4, without delaying the project. It also shows that the resource loading can be smoothed out if activity B is performed in either day 3 or 4, such that the maximum loading in any period does not exceed 4 units. Resource units may be, for example, man hours or machine hours . 

External-pressure failure of shells can result from overstress at one extreme or n om elastic instability at the other or at some intermediate loading. The code provides the solution for most shells by using a number of charts. One chart is used for cylinders where the shell diameter-to-thickness ratio and the length-to-diameter ratio are the variables. The rest of the charts depic t curves relating the geometry of cyhnders and spheres to allowable stress by cui ves which are determined from the modulus of elasticity, tangent modulus, and yield strength at temperatures for various materials or classes of materials. The text of this subsection explains how the allowable stress is determined from the charts for cylinders, spheres, and hemispherical, ellipsoidal, torispherical, and conical heads. 

The phenomenon is represented by Figs. 17-40 and 17-41 for Geldart-type A and B solids, respectively (see beginning of Sec. 17). The initial efficiency of a particle size cut is found on the chart, and the parametric hue is followed to the proper overall solids loading. The efficiency for that cut size is then read from the graph. 

Plotting this data as a Pareto chart gives Figure 3. It shows that the load is the dominant variable in the problem and so the stress is very sensitive to changes in the load, but the dimensional variables have little impact on the problem. Under conditions where the standard deviation of the dimensional variables increased for whatever reason, their impact on the stress distribution would increase to the detriment of the contribution made by the load if its standard deviation remained the same. 

The manner in which the laminate design is approached can be expressed in flow-chart form as in Figure 7-59. There, some initial laminate is arbitrarily selected to start the procedure. Then, the laminate load-deflection behavior is evaluated by use of the laminate strength analysis procedure described in Section 4.5. That evaluation is theoretical in nature. The next step is to evaluate the laminate fatigue life, and that evaluation can only be done experimentally, although progress is... 

Figure 9-21F is the most current updated version of the GPDC as presented by Strigle [139] to facilitate interpolation of the ordinate and pressure drop curves on the chart. The flooding and loading regions are not identified. For this chart ... 

Strigle [94] proposed this term to better describe the performance of a packed column at or near the previously described loading point. Kister [93] evaluated the limited published data and proposed using the MOC at 95% of the flood point. The flood point can be estimated by Equation 9-20 or from the plots in References 90 and 93. The data are reported to be within 15-20% of the prediction [93]. See Figure 9-22 for the identification of MOC on the HETP vs. Cg chart For more accurate information... 

Refer to Flooding, Loading and Pressure Drop Chart, Figure 9-21D. 

For vertical tubes, determine condensate loading G (Equation 10-73B). For these charts, G (viscosity in centipoise, at film temperature) is limited to 1,090. 

Because of the low tube loading and physical properties of condensate, the value of the film coefficient is beyond the range of the chart. Therefore, the use of a hjo of 1,500 is conservative. 

Figure22.14 Condensate line sizing chart where pressure at traps is above 4bar (SI units). 1. From pressure upstream of trap move horizontally to pressure in return line (A). 2. Drop vertically to condensate load in kg/h (B). 3. Follow curve to RFI scale and across to same return line pressure (C). 4. Move upward to return line flash velocity - say, 25 m/s maximum (D). 5. Read return line size.

Air/water vapor mixture, chart, 364,365 Air/water vapor, 359 Capacity at ejector suction, 369 Capacity for process vapor, 362 Evacuation time, 371, 380 Load for steam surface condenser, 367 Non-condensables, 362, 363 Size selection, 371 Steam pressure factor, 373 Steam requirements, 372 Steain/air mixture temperature, 361 Total weight saturated mixture, 362 Capacity, 358 Discharge, pressure, 358 Effect of excess steam pressure, 358 Effects of back pressure, 359 Effects of wet steam, 356 Inter-and-after condenser, 351 Load variation, 370 Materials of construction, 347 Molecular weight entrainment, chart, 360 Performance, 358, 370, 375 Relative comparison, 357... 

Figures 2 through 9 are design charts for ultraviolet stabilized polycarbonate under blast load. Charts are provided for pane thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, and 1 inch for pane areas up to 25 ft at pane aspect ratios (pane length to width ratios) of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 4.00. The charts relate the peak experienced blast overpressure capacity, B, for convenient pane dimensions across the spectrum of encountered blast durations. Depending on the orientation of the window to the charge, the blast overpressure may either be incident or reflected. The pane dimensions (measured across the span from the gasket centerline) peak blast capacity at 1000 msec, B, static frame design pressure, r, and the required bite are printed to the right...

Minimum frame bites or frame edge engagements are required for polycarbonate to provide enough edge support to carry the blast load and prevent pane disengagement. The fourth column to the right of each design chart presents the required bite for each pane. 

Get a piece of IR paper and load the chart paper carriage, just like a clipboard. Move the paper to get the index line on the paper to line up with the index line on the instrument. It s at 4000 cm-1 and it s only a rough guide. Later I ll tell you how to calibrate your chart paper. 

In order to use the dynamic response charts based on a triangular shaped load, the bilinear pressure-time curve shown in Figure 3.7 can be simplified to an equivalent triangle. This equivalent load is computed by equating the impulse for each load shape and using the same peak pressure, Pt. The impulse, I, under the bilinear pressure-time curve is ... 

Blast loadings, F, act on a structure for relatively short durations of time and are therefore considered as transient dynamic loads. Solutions for Equation 6.3 are available in the form of nondimensional charts and graphs (TM 5-1300 and Biggs 1964)... 

This method is suitable for obtaining maximum responses of elaslo-piastic SDOF systems subjected to simple loading functions. It is generally not practical to develop solution charts when loads become more complex. A shortcoming of this method is that the time history of the response is not available to evaluate support reactions and... 

---