Granule cells, cerebellum

CYP2E1 mRNA seen in neurons of the cerebral cortex, Purkinje and granule cells of cerebellum, granule cells of dentate gyrus, and pyramidal neurons of CA1, CA2, and CA3 subfields of hippocampus in rat and human brain by in situ hybridization ethanol-induced brain expression in rat (Upadhya et al., 2000). 

Cerebellum (granule cells) dorsal cochlear nucleus... 

Camkk2 Brain (parietal cortex, cerebellum (granule cells), caudate-putamen, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, brainstem, mesencephalon and thalamus) Thymus, testis, spleen, lungs, many other tissues (Kitani et al., 1997 Anderson et al., 1998 Sakagami et al., 2000 Hsu et al., 2001 Vinet et al., 2003)... 

Table 3. Effects of rotenone (20 (iM), indomethacine (100 gM), 4-methylpyrasole (4-MP, 50 pM) and nialamide (100 pM) on ROS level measured in rat cerebellum granule cells using flow cytometry [12],...

Fig. 3 Maturation of mixed neuronal-glial cultures of cerebellum granule cells (CGCs). Cell morphology (a and b) in phase-contrast microscopy and by immunocytochemistry of GFAP (red) and NF-200 (green) co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (c and d)...

Anandamide is found in human brain 100 pmol/g in the hippocampus, 75 pmol/g in the thalamus, 60 pmol/g in the cerebellum, and 55 pmol/g in the striatum (Martin, 1999). The concentration of AEA increases postmortem, especially when the brain is kept at ambient temperature. Furthermore, AEA surges are observed when cerebellar granule cells are treated in hypoxic conditions (Hillard, 1997). Although such concentration increases may be artifacts of postmortem brain damage, they may also occur in living tissue under certain conditions, such as hypoxia. 

Wojcik, W. J. and Neff, N. H. (1984) Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptors are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in brain and in the cerebellum these receptors may be associated with granule cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 25, 24-28. 

Both anandamide and 2-AG are inactivated by enzymatic hydrolysis (Goparaju et al. 1998). Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that catalyses their hydrolysis. High concentrations of FAAH were found in the cerebellum, hippocampus and neocortex of rat brain, which are also rich in cannabinoid receptors. Further, there is a complementary pattern of distribution of FAAH and the CBl receptor. For example, in the cerebellum, FAAH is found in the cell bodies of Purkinje cells and the CBl receptor is found in the axons of granule cells and basket cells, which are presynaptic to Purkinje cells. 2-AG may also be inactivated by direct esterification into membrane phospholipids. Cannabinoid Receptors... 

CYP2D6 mRNA and protein in human brain regions by RT-PCR, Northern blot, and Immunobiot, in situ hybridization and IHC shows constitutive CYP2D6 mRNA expression in neurons of cerebral cortex, Purkinje and granule cell layers of cerebellum, reticular neurons of midbrain and pyramidal neurons of C47, CA2, and CAS subfields of hippocampus. Protein found in cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, striatum, and thalamus of human brain. IHC shows CYP2D6 in dendrites of Purkinje and cortical neurons and neuronal soma (Chinta et al., 2002). 

Cerebral cortex (layer I-VI, selected interneurons and principal cells) hippocampus (selected interneurons and principal cells) pallidum striatum (interneurons) thalamic relay nuclei olfactory bulb (mitral cells and interneurons) cerebellum (Purkinje cells and granule cells) deep cerebellar nuclei amygdala basal forebrain substantia nigra pars reticulata inferior colliculus brainstem... 

The pathological hallmark of PCD with Yo antibodies is degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells and often of granule cells as well. CD8+ cells are found in the cerebellum and sometimes in the cerebral cortex, and there is diffuse microglial activation [72]. In some cases, there are changes in the corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts and dorsal columns [42]. 

Rezai Z, Yoon CH (1972) Abnormal rate of granule cell migration in the cerebellum of Weaver mutant mice. 

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