Cereal binders

For steel castings, coal dust is not used because of carbon pick-up. In this case, it is usually replaced by cereal binders such as starch or dextrin. 

Cereal binders are used mainly in steel foundries to increase the strength and toughness of the green sand. There are two main types of cereal binder starch and dextrin. Starch is the basic material and is produced from a number of plant materials, with maize starch being the most commonly used for foundry purposes. Dextrin is a repolymerised form of starch, produced through a subsequent acid and thermal treatment of starch. 

Cereal additions do not improve the erosion resistance of the sand nor its resistance to metal penetration. 

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Nodular cast iron casting Lamellar iron casting Malleable iron casting Bentonite Cereal binder Coal dust... 

Light metal and aluminium casting Bentonite Cereal binder ... 

Heavy metal casting (copper alloys) Bentonite Cereal binder coal dust... 

Cereal binders Starch and dextrin are used mainly in steel foundries to avoid defects caused by silica expansion and to control moisture excess in the sand mix. Effective additions of cereal binders to new green sand facing mixes are between 0.5 and 0.75 %. In unit type green sands, part of the cereal is destroyed during the casting process. The recommended addition on each recycle is 0.1 to 0.25 %, depending on the amount of cereal burn-out and on the dilution by cores and new sand. 

Starches are added to processed meats—lunch meats, hot dogs, sausages, etc.—as fillers, binders, moisture retainers, and fat substitutes. They are added to soups, sauces, and gravies as thickeners. They are used in extruded cereals and snacks to hold the shape of the material. 

A novel consumable product is described that comprises liquid binder, dried fruit, cereal, and Jerusalem artichoke granules (produced by comminuting dried tubers). 

In a typical prodnction process, dried protein sonrces snch as fish meal carbohydrate materials snch as cereal flonr heat coagnlable binders snch as gluten and an antimycotic agent are mixed as dry ingredients. A slnrry, which may be made of hsh solnble and emnlsion of mnscle meat, is added to convert the mix into a stiff dongh, which is then extended and cnt into pieces and dried to coagnlate the proteins and to lower the moistnre content (Priegnitz, 1980). 

In addition to the carbohydrate type of binders, soybean flour and dried milk are used in meat processing. The Federal Meat Inspection Division limits the amount of cereal or binder that may be added to sausage to 3.5%. Natural gums, such as Irish moss and karaya, are used in quantities of less than 1% as an emulsifying agent. 

From the 175 analysed samples of different cereals, 139 (74.3%) samples contained at least one of the trichothecenes listed above. Most often, samples contained DON it was present in 121 samples (69.1% of all samples). 15-AcDON and nivalenol were found in 16.0% and 5.1% of investigated samples, respectively. In Table 10, the concentrations of trichothecenes determined in samples of maize, wheat, barley, oats, and triticale are given. Further, 7 samples of fodder pea, one sample of rye and one sample of millet were analysed, but none of them contained any trichothecene. It is obvious, that most often DON was present in wheat, maize, triticale, oats, and barley, which represent the largest part of the meal in the intensive production of poultry and pigs in Slovenia and worldwide (Binder et al., 2007). 

Polymeric materials Fibers Binders Cereal grains... 

As well as being central to cheesemaking, casein is used to fortify flour, bread and cereals. In addition to its functions in food products, casein has many other industrial applications. Casein is much used in tonics and dietary supplements (Section 12.13). Caseinates are surfactants and will act as emulsifiers, water and fat binders, adhesives, thickening and gelling agents (Section 12.4). Either additional phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of casein can be carried out with consequent modification of some of its properties. 

Uses Nutrient, protein source, binder, and emulsifier for coarse ground sausages, pate, meat rolls, seafood, surimi, dairy emulsions, breads/baking, cereals, baby foods... 

The cut leaves are taken to a factory, where the fibers are extracted by machines (decorticater). This machine works mostly with large quantities of water, which are used to wash away the waste. After extraction, the fiber bundles are washed and dried in the sun or with drying machines, graded and further processed to threads, ropes and twine. In former times, s. fibers were mostly used for so-called binders for tying harvested temperate cereals into sheaves before stacking. This ended suddenly when combine ->harvesters replaced binders. 

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