Ceramic films chemical characterization

Thus this book presents current developments and concepts in the chemical techniques for production and characterization of state-of-the-art ceramic materials in a truly interdisciplinary fashion. The 27 chapters are divided into five parts reflecting topical groups. The first part discusses the starting materials—how to prepare and modify them in the nanoscale range. Powders are the most heavily used form of starting ceramic materials. The synthesis, characterization, and behavior of ceramic powders are presented in parts I and II. In the third part, processing of ceramic films via the sol-gel technique is discussed. Fabrication of... 

Finally, for practical reasons it is useful to classify polymeric materials according to where and how they are employed. A common subdivision is that into structural polymers and functional polymers. Structural polymers are characterized by - and are used because of - their good mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. Hence, they are primarily used as construction materials in addition to or in place of metals, ceramics, or wood in applications like plastics, fibers, films, elastomers, foams, paints, and adhesives. Functional polymers, in contrast, have completely different property profiles, for example, special electrical, optical, or biological properties. They can assume specific chemical or physical functions in devices for microelectronic, biomedical applications, analytics, synthesis, cosmetics, or hygiene. 

NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) is used for a variety of purposes, most of which parallel those used to characterize small-molecule systems. In addition to and NMR, Si NMR is frequently employed. These methods are used to characterize chemical composition, structural features, and conformational preferences. NMR is also used to characterize hybrid inorganic composites, silica-type ceramics, and siloxane films. 

The focus of this chapter is therefore two-fold. First, the defining characteristics of electronic ceramics used for various applications are discussed and related to the underlying physical, chemical, and structural features of the material. Second, this chapter selectively describes the use of various analytical techniques for characterizing the properties of electronic ceramics that make them suitable for a given application. Since a growing area of research is the development of ceramic thin film devices, particular emphasis is placed on the applicability of various characterization techniques for analysis of electronic ceramic thin films. 

Various techniques are used for the fabrication of semiconductor sensors. Conductance sensors from structurized sintered polycrystalline ceramics can be produced by thick- or thin-film technology. Chemically sensitive materials in the form of single crystals or whiskers can be attached to electrodes by thin- or thick-film techniques as well. Mass production of sensors requires that the resulting devices be characterized by a defined level of conductance. For example, the conductance of polycrystalline Sn02 can be adjusted by subsequent thermal treatment >800°C under a controlled partial pressure of oxygen. Another approach to defined conductance involves doping the semiconductor with antimony or fluorine. The reproducibility and stability of a sensor signal... 

Itoh H., Kato K., Sugiyama K. Chemical vapour deposition of corrosion-resistant TiN film to the inner wall of long steel tubes. J. Mater. Sci. 1986 21 751-756 Jack K.H. Review Sialons and related nitrogen ceramics. J. Mater. Sci. 1976 11 1135-1158 Jankowski P.E., Risbud S.H. Synthesis and characterization of an Si-Na-B-O-N glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1980 63 359-352... 

The iron-rich ceramics from films PS-6-PFS function as catalysts for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Typically, thin films were self-assembled and treated with UV-ozone to remove organic materials and subsequently used for the simple one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of SWCNTs. The resulting SWCNTs were characterized by... 

Materials chemistry applies the insights of chemical thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum mechanics to problems in material science. In the organization of this volume, it was felt that subject areas of great current technological interest should be chosen which illustrate the important contributions of materials chemists. The subjects covered include the synthesis and characterization of thin films. Group III nitrides, fullerenes and other carbon materials, ceramics, catalysts, and polymeric materials, covering a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary activities. 

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